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Anomalous dose behaviour of thermoluminescence glow curves and kinetic analysis of beta irradiated YAl3(BO3)4:Tb phosphor
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Souadi, G.; Bulcar, K.; Kaynar, Umit H.; Ayvacikli, M.; Topaksu, M.; Cam-Kaynar, S.; Can, N.
With the aid of thermoluminescence (TL), we have extensively studied YAl3(BO3)4 host matrices incorporated with Tb3+ at different doping contents, which have been produced by combustion. The measured the TL glow curves exposed to beta rays at different doses consisted of four broad peaks located at around 76, 126, 230, and 378 degrees C. The peak maximum of the 230 degrees C TL peak shifts toward higher temperatures after 5 Gy beta irradiation while the other peak maxima almost remain constant. It is peculiar that 230 degrees C peak maximum shifts to higher temperatures with increased radiation dose and can be attributed to the multiple phases of the sample. A TL glow curve exhibits a proportional increase in intensity with increased the heating rate. A discussion of the possible causes of this pattern is provided. Observed peaks using the TmTstop method are due to the presence of a quasicontinuous distribution of traps. The parameters of the traps have also been estimated using various heating rate methods in excellent agreement with one another.
Beta irradiation-induced thermoluminescence: Glow curve analysis and kinetic parameters in combustion-synthesized undoped Ca4YO(BO3)3
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Madkhli, A. Y.; Jabali, D. A.; Souadi, G.; Sonsuz, M.; Kaynar, U. H.; Akca-Ozalp, S.; Ayvacikli, M.
This study examines the thermoluminescent (TL) properties of undoped Ca4YO(BO3)3 phosphor, focusing on how it behaves under a variety of experimental conditions. The IRSL-TL 565 nm was chosen as the appropriate detection filter among various optical detection filter combinations. During the preheating trials conducted at a rate of 2 degrees C/s, the TL peak exhibited increased intensity, particularly around 200 degrees C. The experimental outcomes demonstrated a reliable linear relationship (R2 = 0.996 and b = 1.015) in the dose response of undoped preheated Ca4YO(BO3)3 within the range of 1-200 Gy. The investigation encompasses a range of techniques, including the TM-Tstop method, computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) analysis, and theoretical modelling. The application of the TM-Tstop method to samples irradiated with a 5 Gy dose revealed distinct zones on the TM versus Tstop diagram, signifying the presence of at least two discernible components within the TL glow curve, specifically, a single general order kinetics peak and a continuous distribution. The analysis of activation energy versus preheated temperature exhibited a stepwise curve, indicating five trap levels with depths ranging between 1.13 eV and 1.40 eV. The CGCD method also revealed the superposition of at least five distinct TL glow peaks. It was observed that their activation energies were consistent with the Tm-Tstop experiment. Furthermore, the low Figure of Merit (FOM) value of 1.18% indicates high reliability in the goodness-of-fit measure. These findings affirm the reliability and effectiveness of the employed methods in characterizing the TL properties of the Ca4YO(BO3)3 phosphor under investigation. Theoretical models, including the semi-localized transition model, were introduced to explain anomalous observations in TL glow peak intensities and heating rate patterns. While providing a conceptual framework, these models may require adjustments to accurately capture the specific characteristics uncovered through CGCD analysis. As a potential application, the study suggests that the characterized TL properties of Ca4YO(BO3)3 phosphor could be utilized in dosimetric applications, such as radiation dose measurements, owing to its reliable linear response within a broad dose range.
Characterization, room and low temperature photoluminescence of yttrium aluminium borate activated with Sm3+ions
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Madkhli, A. Y.; Kaynar, U. H.; Coban, M. B.; Ayvacikli, M.; Canimoglu, A.; Can, N.
In this study, the combustion method assisted by urea that is ideally suited to economic and time saving was used for the synthesizing of reddish orange emitting YAl3(BO3)4 phosphor samples doped with various Sm3+ ions (from 0.01 wt% to 7wt%). A detailed study of the structural and luminescence properties at room/low tem-perature of the synthesized samples was performed. XRD analysis revealed a rhombohedral structure with an R32 space group (155). The particle size was determined by the Scherrer's method to be 48 nm. The visible PL emission spectra upon excitation at 359 nm are recorded and four emission peaks around 564, 599, 646, and 707 nm with transitions 4G5/2 -> 6H5/2, 4G5/2 -> 6H7/2, 4G5/2 -> 6H9/2 and 4G5/2 -> 6H11/2 are observed. Concentration quenching was mainly caused by dipole-dipole interactions between neighbouring trivalent Sm3+ ions. Through the CIE chroma coordinates (0.606, 0.382), the optimized sample (x = 0.03) demonstrates admirable luminous performance. YAl3(BO3)4:Sm3+ can be a good candidate for use as a red component for lighting applications.
Comparison of thermoluminescence characteristics of undoped and europium doped YAl3(BO3)(4) phosphor synthesized by combustion method: Anomalous heating rate, dose response and kinetic analyses
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Kaynar, Umit H.; Oglakci, M.; Bulcar, K.; Benourdja, S.; Bakr, M.; Ayvacikli, M.; Canimoglu, A.
In this study, undoped and YAl3(BO3)(4) phosphors doped with Eu3+ at varying concentrations (x = 0.5 to 7 wt%) produced by a combustion process have been thoroughly examined by using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermoluminescence (TL) techniques. The crystallized phosphors were confirmed by XRD analysis, and its crystal structure was examined. XRD analyses of the synthesized phosphor is in accordance with ICSD File No 96-152-6006. TL glow curve of undoped sample produced three glow peaks located at 80 degrees C, 240 degrees C, and 360 degrees C with a heating rate of 2 degrees Cs-1 whilst Eu3+ doped one appears at 90 degrees C, 230 degrees C, and 390 degrees C. The undoped example complied with the theory as expected, namely, as the heating rate increased, the TL glow curve shifted towards lower temperatures and decreased in intensity. However, an anomalous change was observed in the sample with Eu3+ additive. The experimental findings from the dose-response of YAl3(BO3)(4):0.5 wt%Eu3+ demonstrate that the intensity of TL provided by the total area under glow curves has an acceptable linearity (r(2):0.999) up to 100 Gy. The intensity of each maximum on the TL glow curve augments proportionally as the heating rate is augmented. Possible reasons of this behaviour are discussed. Various heating rate (VHR) methods (such as Hoogenstraaten's and Booth-Bohun-Parfianovitch) have also been used to estimate kinetic parameters (e.g., energy and frequency factor), which seem to be in good agreement with each other.
Dy3+and Eu3+co-activated gadolinium aluminate borate phosphor: Synthesis, enhanced luminescence, energy transfer and tunable color
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Madkhali, O.; Kaynar, Umit H.; Kaynar, S. Cam; Ayvacikli, M.; Can, N.
The synthesis of GdAl3(BO3)4 phosphors incorporated with activators of Dy3+ and Dy3+/ Eu3+was successful and achieved through the gel combustion method. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to identify phase purity and the effects of dopant concentration on the crystallographic structure. The results of Photo-luminescence (PL) measurements revealed that the intensity and lifetime of luminescence properties varied depending on the concentrations of Dy3+ and Eu3+ ions. The dependence of luminescence intensity on doping concentration is investigated with respect to the energy transfer process between Eu3+ and Dy3+ ions. A decrease in luminescence lifetime occurs with increasing concentrations of Eu3+ co-doping. The energy transfer was also investigated using decay curve analysis. The co-doping of Eu3+ significantly boosts the energy transfer efficiency from 26% to 84%. These findings make GdAl3(BO3)4: Dy3+, Eu3+ phosphors an ideal choice for LED applications in solid state lighting and displays.
Enhanced luminescence of Eu3+ in LaAl2B4O10 via energy transfer from Dy3+ doping
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Kaynar, U. H.; Coban, M. B.; Hakami, Jabir; Altowyan, Abeer S.; Aydin, H.; Ayvacikli, M.; Can, N.
In this study, an investigation was conducted on the structural and photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of LaAl2B4O10 (LAB) phosphors initially incorporated with Dy3+ and Eu3+ ions. Subsequently, the impact of varying Eu3+ concentration while maintaining a constant Dy3+ concentration was examined. Structural characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). XRD analysis confirmed the effective embedding of both dopants into the hexagonal framework of the LAB. The PL emission spectra revealed characteristic emissions of Dy3+ (blue and yellow) and Eu3+ (red) ions. The optimized dopant concentrations of both Dy3+ and Eu3+ were observed to be 3 wt%. The dominant mechanism for concentration quenching in doped LAB phosphors was determined to be the electric dipole-dipole interaction. Co-doping with Eu3+ led to a substantial decrease in Dy3+ emission intensity (similar to 0.18-fold) while enhancing Eu3+ emission intensity (similar to 3.72-fold). The critical energy transfer distance (R-C = 11.64 & Aring;) and the analysis based on the Dexter theory confirmed that the energy transfer mechanism corresponds to dipole-dipole interaction. The color purities and correlated color temperatures (CCT) were estimated, suggesting the potential of these phosphors for warm white and red lighting applications, respectively. The observed energy transfer and luminescence properties, along with the structural and compositional characterization, highlight the promising potential of LAB:Dy3+/Eu3+ co-doped phosphors for advanced lighting and display technologies.
Enhancement of luminescence and thermal stability in Eu3+-doped K3Y (BO2)6 with Li+ and Na+ co-doping
(Elsevier, 2024) Kaynar, U. H.; Aydin, H.; Altowyan, A. S.; Hakami, J.; Coban, M. B.; Ayvacikli, M.; Karali, E. Ekdal
Eu3+-doped and Li+/Na+ co-doped K3Y(BO2)6 (KYBO) phosphors were synthesized through a microwave- assisted sol-gel method, and their structural and photoluminescent (PL) characteristics were examined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement confirm effective dopant incorporation and preservation of the crystalline structure. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicates the maintenance of the borate structure, confirming the structural integrity of the phosphors upon doping. The addition of Li+ and Na+ co-dopants notably enhances luminescent efficiency and thermal stability, making these phosphors promising candidates for solid-state lighting (SSL) applications. PL analysis reveals strong red emission peaks at 612 nm, attributed to the 5 D o ? 7 F 2 transition of Eu3+ ions. The study indicates that electric dipole-quadrupole interactions are the primary mechanism for energy migration, with a critical distance of approximately 22.68 & Aring;. This mechanism contributes to concentration quenching at higher doping levels. High temperature PL measurements indicated an activation energy of 0.1389 eV for thermal quenching in the Li+ co-doped sample. Additionally, the Na+ co-doped sample exhibited an abnormal thermal stability behavior, with an even higher activation energy of 0.2536 eV. This suggests that Na+ co-doping significantly enhances the thermal resilience of the phosphor, making it more suitable for high-power light-emitting applications that operate under extreme conditions. CIE chromaticity diagrams highlight the potential for optimizing Eu3+ doping levels, combined with Li+ and Na+ co-doping, to improve luminescent performance and thermal stability for advanced SSL applications. (c) 2024 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier BV and The Society of Powder Technology Japan. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Enhancement of luminescence and thermal stability in Eu3+-doped K3Y(BO2)6 with Li+ and Na+ co-doping (vol 35, 104695, 2024)
(Elsevier, 2024) Kaynar, U. H.; Aydin, H.; Altowyan, Abeer S.; Hakami, J.; Coban, M. B.; Ayvacikli, M.; Karali, E. Ekdal
[No abstract available]
Integrating K plus into Eu and Tb doped GdCa 4O(BO3)3: A dual study on photoluminescence and structure
(Elsevier Science Sa, 2024) Altowyan, Abeer S.; Kaynar, U. H.; Hakami, Jabir; Coban, M. B.; Ayvacikli, M.; Aydin, H.; Canimoglu, A.
In this study, we investigate the structural and photoluminescence (PL) properties of rare -earth -doped GdCa 4 O (BO 3 ) 3 (GdCOB) phosphors, specifically focusing on the spectral behaviour induced by doping with Eu 3 + and Tb 3 + ions. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra confirm the formation of a monoclinic phase. The XRD data were also refined by a Rietveld refinement method. The existence of B, O, Ca, Gd, Tb, Eu and K elements was verified by EDS spectra. We introduce a detailed examination of the charge compensation process using Kro ger- Vink notation to clarify the mechanisms essential for tailoring the optical properties of the phosphors. The PL excitation spectrum of GdCOB:Eu 3 + , monitored at 611 nm, reveals sharp excitation peaks at 319, 361, 380, and 392 nm, corresponding to 7 F 0 -> 5 H 3 , 7 F 0 -> 5 D 4 , 7 F 0 -> 7 F 0 , and 7 F 0 -> 5 L 6 transitions, respectively. The PL spectrum under excitation of 392 nm exhibits that phosphors doped with Eu 3 + a significant red emission at 611 nm, which is attributed to the 5 D 0 -> 7 F 2 transition. This emission intensity is particularly enhanced at non-centrosymmetric sites of the Eu 3 + ions. Similarly, the PL excitation spectrum of GdCOB:Tb 3 + , monitored at 552 nm, displays distinct excitation peaks at 316, 341, 353, and 379 nm, which correspond to the transitions 7 F 6 -> 5 D 0, 7 F 6 -> 5 L 7, 7 F 6 -> 5 D 2, and 7 F 6 -> 5 D 3, respectively. Tb 3 +-doped phosphors display a bright green emission, with a dominant peak at 552 nm, resulting from the 5 D 4 -> 7 F 5 transition. Additionally, the introduction of K + ions as co-dopants results in modifications to the local environments of Eu 3 + and Tb 3 + ions. These changes allow for fine-tuning of the emission peaks, significantly enhancing the luminescent output of the phosphors. Optimal doping concentrations of 5 mol% for Eu 3 + and 1 mol% for Tb 3 + enhance luminescent intensity and prevent concentration quenching. This phenomenon, often resulting in reduced PL intensity at higher dopant levels, is primarily due to dipole -dipole interactions, consistent with Dexter's theory of energy transfer. Strategic modulation of doping concentrations, coupled with a deep understanding of energy transfer mechanisms are critical for the development of advanced luminescent materials Our analysis of the Commission de l ' Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates reveals enhanced energy transfer dynamics in rare -earth -doped borates, facilitating the tuning of luminescent properties. These results not only deepen our understanding of the fundamental physics governing such phosphors but also open pathways for the development of optoelectronic applications requiring consistent color output, such as LED technologies and solid-state lighting.
Lattice distortion effects induced by Li plus co-doping on ZnO:Tb3+phosphors: Photoluminescence and unusual hypersensitive 5D4 → 7F0 transition
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Altowyan, Abeer S.; Coban, M. B.; Kaynar, U. H.; Hakami, Jabir; Cin, E. Aymila; Kaynar, S. Cam; Ayvacikli, M.
A series of Tb3+, Li+ co-doped ZnO phosphors were prepared using a precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated the successful incorporation of Tb3+ into the ZnO lattice. The influence of Tb3+ doping content and Li+ charge compensator on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of ZnO:Tb3+ was investigated. Under UV excitation, emissions corresponding to electron transitions 5D4 -> 7FJ (J = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6) were observed from Tb3+ ions, including an unusual emission transition at 673 nm, which significantly enriches our understanding of Tb3+ luminescence. The critical concentration quenching of Tb3+ in ZnO:Tb3+ occurs at 7 mol%, as explained by the Van Uitert equation, which attributes this phenomenon to dipole-dipole interactions. Surprisingly, incorporating Li+ for charge balancing led to a reduction in the luminescence intensity of ZnO:7 mol% Tb3+, x%Li+ phosphors (x = 0.01 and 0.07) at 544 nm. This reduction highlights an increased degree of lattice distortion due to Li+ inclusion. Furthermore, CIE chromaticity analysis showed that the optimal doping concentration of 0.07 Tb3+ shifted the color coordinates towards vivid green, with a color temperature of approximately 6241 K, indicating of neutral white light.
Luminescence of undoped and Eu3+activated zinc gallate phosphor: Synthesis, unusual intense 5D0 ? 7F4 red emission
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Souadi, G.; Kaynar, Umit H.; Ayvacikli, M.; Can, N.
A series of Eu3+-doped ZnGa2O4 samples were synthesized via the urea-glycine combustion route. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate the crystallinity of the samples, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to explore the elemental composition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), to observe the vibrational modes of the samples, photoluminescence (PL) to determine the luminescence properties. The XRD data prove that the samples remain single cubic structure even at high concentrations of Eu3+, enabling the formation of a unique emission spectrum. The active ion concentration was varied to examine the influence of concentration on luminescent properties. This study revealed a 5D0 & RARR;7F4 transition located at 700 nm with unusual intensity that has not been documented in the literature, which suggests that the active ion concentration can influence the luminescent characteristics of the phosphors. The increasing Eu3+ content increases the number of Eu3+ ions in ZnGa2O4 host lattice, which enhances the luminescence efficiency of the phosphor. However, beyond a certain level of Eu3+content (i.e., 3 wt% Eu3+), the number of Eu3+ ions becomes excessive, resulting in a reduction in luminescence efficiency due to concentration quenching. The dipole dipole interaction is elucidated to play a prominent role in the mechanism of Eu3+ quenching in the ZnGa2O4. An assessment of color coordinates based on emission spectra reveals that the coordinates shift from blue to the white light region, and then to red as Eu3+ content increases. This suggests that there is a substantial relationship between the Eu3+ concentration and the measured color coordinates.
Novel Dy incorporated Ca3Y2B4O12 phosphor: Insights into the structure, broadband emission, photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence characteristics
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Qaisi, Aziza H.; Kaynar, U. H.; Ayvacikli, M.; Garcia-Guinea, J.; Alajlani, Y.; Topaksu, M.; Can, N.
This study reports cathodoluminescence (CL) and photoluminescence (PL) properties of undoped borate Ca3Y2B4O12 and Ca3Y2B4O12:x Dy3+ (x = 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7) synthesized by gel combustion method. Micro-X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), CL and PL under electron beam and 359 nm pulse laser excitation, respectively were used to investigate characterization and luminescence studies of synthesized samples in the visible wavelength. As-prepared samples match the standard Ca3Y2BO4 phase that belongs to the orthorhombic system with space group Pnma (62) based on XRD results. Under electron beam excitation, this borate host shows a broad band emission from about 250 to 450 nm, peaked at 370 nm which is attributed to NBHOC. All as-prepared phosphors exhibited the characteristic PL and CL emissions of Dy3+ ions corresponding to F-4(9/2)-> H-6(J) transitions when excited with laser at 359 nm. The CL emission spectra of phosphors were identical to those of the PL spectra. Concentration quenching occurred when the doping concentration was 1 mol% in both the CL and PL spectra. The underlying reason for the concentration quenching phenomena observed in the discrete orange-yellow emission peaked at 574 nm of Dy3+ ion-doped Ca3Y2B4O12 phosphor is also discussed. According to these data, we can infer that this new borate can be used as a yellow emitting phosphor in solid-state illumination.
Novel Tb3+-Doped LaAl2 B4 O10 phosphors: Structural analysis, luminescent properties, and energy transfer mechanism
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Kaynar, U. H.; Aydin, H.; Hakami, Jabir; Altowyan, Abeer S.; Coban, M. B.; Ayvacikli, M.; Canimoglu, A.
This study explores the structural and luminescent properties of terbium (Tb3+)-doped lanthanum aluminium borate (LaAl2B4O,0, abbreviated as LAB) phosphors, a novel host lattice for Tb3+ doping. LAB:Tb3+ phosphors, with varying dopant concentrations, were synthesized using a microwave-assisted combustion synthesis approach and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, and photoluminescence spectroscopy at both room and low temperatures. The structural analysis confirmed the hexagonal crystal structure of LAB and revealed successful incorporation of Tb3+ ions without altering the fundamental lattice. Luminescence studies demonstrated that the LAB:Tb3+ phosphors show strong green emission primarily attributed to the 5D4 -> 7F5 transition of Tb3+. The optimal doping concentration was determined to be 5 wt% Tb3+, which provided maximum luminescence efficiency. This concentration also allowed for a critical study of energy transfer mechanisms within the phosphor, revealing dipole-dipole interactions with a critical distance of 9.80 & Aring; between Tb3+ ions. Additionally, the CIE chromaticity coordinates of LAB:0.05 Tb3+ were precisely determined to be (0.289, 0.4460), indicating the potential for high-quality green emission suitable for solid-state lighting and display technologies. This work not only demonstrates the potential of LAB:Tb3+ as a highly efficient green luminescent material, but also sheds light on the mechanisms responsible for energy transfer and concentration quenching.
Phase transition and luminescence characteristics of dysprosium doped strontium stannate phosphor synthesized using hydrothermal method
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Kaynar, Umit H.; Coban, M. B.; Madkhli, A. Y.; Ayvacikli, M.; Can, N.
A series of strontium stannate (SrSnO3) doped with Dy3+ ions at various wt % concentrations (1, 2, 3 and 5) were synthesized via hydrothermal reaction and analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectros-copy (EDS), environmental electron scanning microscope (ESEM), photoluminescence (PL) and, cath-odoluminescence (CL). The XRD results confirmed that all samples were assigned to cubic perovskite-type SrSnO3 structured with the Pm3m space group. The PL emission spectrum of Dy3+ activated samples consisted of some characteristic peaks located at 481 nm, 572 nm, 660 nm and 753 nm, corresponding to (4F9/2 -> 6H15/2, blue), (4F9/2 -> 6H13/2, yellow), 660 nm (4F9/2 -> 6H11/2, red) and 753 nm (4F9/2 -> 6H9/2, red) transitions. The PL emission line intensity is gradually enhanced with an increase in doping concentration up to 3 wt %, followed by concentration quenching. The confinement effects of localized resonant energy transfer might cause higher concentration quenching. PL emission spectra were affected by the temperature range from 10 K to 300 K. PL emission anomalies at 270 K in SrSnO3:Dy3+ have been reported to be consistent with a structural phase tran-sition at this temperature. This work confirms Singh et al.'s observation, revealing that SrSnO3 has a phase transition at 270 K.
Samarium doped Ca(3)Y2B(4)O(12) phosphor prepared by combustion method: Anomalous heating rate effect, dosimetric features, and TL kinetic analyses
(Elsevier, 2022) Hakami, J.; Oglakci, M.; Portakal-Ucar, Z. G.; Sonsuz, M.; Kaynar, U. H.; Ayvacikli, M.; Topaksu, M.
The structural and thermoluminescence characteristics of samarium doped Ca3Y2B4O12 samples at various concentrations are presented. The samples were synthesized via the combustion method. The thermolumines-cence (TL) glow curves for Ca(3)Y2B(4)O(12):Sm3+ depict strong peaks at 97 and 410 C. Ca(3)Y2B(4)O(12):Sm3+ exhibited completely opposite behavior, contrary to expectations, in that the luminescence intensity of both the total and individual glow peaks increased with the heating rate throughout the TL experiments. This unusual TL glow peak pattern was discussed via the Mandowski model of semi-localized transitions. The kinetic characteristics of both prominent glow peaks were established using various analysis techniques, including variable heating rate, initial rise (IR) by using the TM-Tstop method and the fractional glow technique (FGT), and computerized glow curve deconvolution (GCD). The dose response of the high temperature peak at 410 C is linear between 0.1 and 5 Gy, and then sublinear at higher doses. In addition, the repeatability and fading results of 410 C TL peak also yielded very favorable results. These findings suggest that Ca(3)Y2B(4)O(12):Sm(3+ )has great potential in the development of high temperature dosimetric materials for beta irradiation.
Structural and temperature dependence luminescence characteristics of RE (RE=Eu3+, Dy3+, Sm3+and Tb3+) in the new gadolinium aluminate borate phosphor
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Madkhali, O.; Kaynar, Umit H.; Alajlani, Y.; Coban, M. B.; Guinea, J. Garcia; Ayvacikli, M.; Pierson, J. F.
GdAl3(BO3)4:Dy3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, and Tb3+ samples were successfully achieved via a sol-gel combustion method. The observed XRD analysis confirms the formation of the desired GAB host, indicating rhombohedral structures that agree well with JPCD card number 72-1985. The FTIR analyses show the detection of B -O stretching and B -O -B bending modes as well as Al -O and Gd -O bonds in the phosphor samples. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis reveals that Sm, Eu, Dy, and Tb have been successfully doped into GdAl3(BO3)4. The observed broad intrinsic luminescence band can be caused by oxygen-induced luminescence defects in the GAB host with hydrous precursors. The luminescence properties of rare earth ion-doped GdAl3(BO3)4 samples are analysed by photoluminescence spectra, showing their optimal doping concentrations and critical distances of Dy3+, Eu3+, Sm3+ and Tb3+ are 2 wt% -25.8 angstrom, 7 wt% -17 angstrom, 1 wt% -32.59 angstrom, and 7 wt% -17.03 angstrom. Additionally, the energy transfer mechanism for luminescence quenching was determined as dipole-dipole (for Dy3+, Eu3+, and Tb3+) or dipole-quadrupole (for Sm3+) and the cross-relaxation process. GdAl3(BO3)4 samples obtained by doping with different RE3+ ions exhibit intense light emissions with different colors originating from different RE3+ ions under 349 nm excitation. When doped with different concentrations of RE3+ ions, the luminescence properties of the samples changed. The synthesized luminescence materials have potential ap-plications in lighting and display technologies.
Synthesis and thermoluminescence behavior of novel Sm3+ doped YCa4O(BO3)3 under beta irradiation
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Altowyan, Abeer S.; Sonsuz, M.; Kaynar, U. H.; Hakami, Jabir; Portakal-Ucar, Z. G.; Ayvacikli, M.; Topaksu, M.
This study investigates the luminescent properties and dosimetric potential of YCa 4 O(BO 3 ) 3 :0.5%Sm 3+ phosphor synthesized via the combustion method. Dose -response investigations unveil a noteworthy linear increment in thermoluminescence (TL) intensity, emphasizing a remarkable linearity spanning a broad dose range from 0.1 to 300 Gy. Unusual heating rate effects are explored, revealing a shift in TL glow curve peak temperature (i.e 200 degrees C) towards higher temperatures with increasing heating rate. Speculative models, including Kinetic Trapping Effect, Thermal Quenching Compensation, and Defect Activation Energy Changes, are proposed. The study employs the T max - T stop method to identify characterize glow curve peaks, and the Initial Rise method for the lowtemperature segment analysis, revealing seven distinct trap levels at various depths within the bandgap. Glow curve deconvolution using the Complex Glow Curve Deconvolution (CGCD) method delineates a multi -peak structure, offering valuable insights into luminescent mechanisms. The model exhibits a Figure of Merit (FOM) of 1.71%, within an acceptable range, affirming its reliability. However, interpretation of the activation energy and frequency factor values suggests intricate site processes, necessitating a nuanced analysis to understand the material 's luminescent characteristics. The YCa 4 O(BO 3 ) 3 :0.5%Sm 3+ phosphor demonstrates promising characteristics for precise dosimetry, with linear dose response, absence of saturation effects, and intriguing heating rate behavior.
Synthesis, characterization and enhanced photoluminescence and temperature dependence of ZrO2:Dy3+phosphors upon incorporation of K plus ions
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Can, N.; Coban, M. B.; Souadi, G.; Kaynar, Umit H.; Ayvacikli, M.; Guinea, J. Garcia; Karali, E. Ekdal
This study reports the successful synthesis and comprehensive characterization of ZrO2:Dy3+ phosphors with the incorporation of K+ ions. The introduction of Dy3+ and K+ in the ZrO2 lattice as lanthanide activators demonstrates its potential as an efficient host material. The structural integrity of ZrO2 remains unaltered following the doping process. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirms the presence of Zr-O and O-H stretching, along with H2O bending modes in the phosphor sample. The wide luminescence band seen at 460 nm is attributed to luminescence defects in the ZrO2 induced by oxygen, and the presence of water molecules. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra analysis reveals pronounced emission peaks at 491 and 578 nm, corresponding to 4F9/2 -> 6H15/2 and 4F9/2 -> 6H13/2 transitions, respectively, upon excitation at 349 nm. Optimizing the Dy3+ doping concentration to 0.4 wt% and achieving a critical distance of 31.82 angstrom resulted in efficient energy transfer. Notably, co-doping K+ as a charge compensator significantly enhances the luminescence intensity. Moreover, at lower temperatures, direct excitation of Dy3+ ions through our pump wavelength, coupled with exciton-mediated energy transfer, leads to a remarkable increase in PL intensity. Tailoring the doping concentrations effectively shifts the emission spectrum of the phosphor mixture, aligning with the standard white light illumination co-ordinates (0.333, 0.333). This property positions the material as a promising candidate for applications in white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) and various high-quality lighting applications. The enhanced photoluminescence and temperature dependence observed in ZrO2:Dy3+ phosphors upon the incorporation of K+ ions pave the way for their potential utilization in advanced luminescent devices.
Temperature-dependent photoluminescence of novel Eu 3+ , Tb3+ , and Dy3+ doped LaCa4 O(BO3)3 : Insights at low and room temperatures
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Altowyan, Abeer S.; Coban, M. B.; Kaynar, U. H.; Hakami, Jabir; Ayvacikli, M.; Hiziroglu, A.; Can, N.
This study explores the structural and optical qualities of LaCa4O(BO3)3 (LACOB) phosphors doped with Eu3+, Dy3+, and Tb3+ using a microwave-assisted sol-gel technique. It uncovers oxygen-related luminescence defects in LACOB, highlighting emission peaks at 489 and 585 nm for Dy3+, a distinct sharp peak at 611 nm for Eu3+ in the red spectrum, and a notable green emission for Tb3+ due to specific transitions. The photoluminescence (PL) analysis indicates that luminescence is optimized through precise doping, leveraging dipole interactions, and localized resonant energy transfer, which are influenced by dopant concentration and spatial configuration. Temperature studies show emission intensity variations, particularly noticeable below 100 K for Tb3+ doped samples, demonstrating the nuanced balance between thermal quenching and luminescence efficiency. This temperature dependency, alongside the identified optimal doping conditions, underscores the potential of these materials for advanced photonic applications, offering insights into their thermal behavior and emission mechanisms under different conditions.
Thermoluminescence characterization and kinetic parameters of Dy3+ activated Ca3Y2B4O12
(Elsevier, 2022) Hakami, J.; Sonsuz, M.; Kaynar, Ümit Hüseyin; Ayvacikli, M.; Oğlakçı, Mehmet; Topaksu, M.; Can, N.
In this study, thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of Ca3Y2B4O12:xDy (0 < x < 0.07) phosphor samples were studied. The samples were exposed to beta irradiation in the dose range from 0.1 Gy to 100 Gy to investigate TL dose response. The concentration of Dy3+ in Ca3Y2B4O12 phosphor was optimized and found to be 1 mass % in terms of TL signal quality. The TL glow curve appears to be consisted of three peaks which were discernible at 72 degrees C, 280 C and 376 degrees C. The trapping parameters (E, b, and s) were calculated using initial rise (IR), and variable heating rate (VHR) techniques. The trapping parameters, order of kinetics, frequency factor, and figure of merit have been all determined by means of the Glow Curve Deconvolution (GCD) method (tgcd:An R package). Ca3Y2B4O12:Dy phosphor displays efficient thermoluminescence properties.

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