Comparison of the protective effects of silymarin and thymoquinone in the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat model

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dc.authoridErdogan, Ender/0000-0002-6220-9243
dc.authoridDasdelen, Dervis/0000-0002-2378-8780
dc.authoridVatansev, Husamettin/0000-0002-0230-3414
dc.contributor.authorSolmaz, Merve
dc.contributor.authorErdogan, Ender
dc.contributor.authorDasdelen, Dervis
dc.contributor.authorMogulkoc, Rasim
dc.contributor.authorVatansev, Husamettin
dc.contributor.authorAkyurek, Fikret
dc.contributor.authorOzbek, Hanefi
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-20T09:51:04Z
dc.date.available2025-03-20T09:51:04Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentİzmir Bakırçay Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractSilymarin and thymoquinone exert neuroprotective effects, although their combined effects in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) models are unknown. We compared the effect of silymarin and thymoquinone in an I/R rat model. Wistar rats were divided into five groups: SHAM, REP (I/R), SIR (200 mg/kg silymarin+I/R), TIR (3 mg/kg thymoquinone+I/R), and STIR (200 mg/kg silymarin+3-mg thymoquinone+I/R). The rats underwent bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 30 min and neurological assessments 24 h thereafter. Apoptosis was evaluated using anti-caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Astrocyte activation was determined using an anti-GFAP antibody. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels were measured. SHAM and REP rats had the lowest and highest neurological scores, respectively (p = 0.001). REP rats showed greater deterioration than SIR, TIR, and STIR rats. SIR, TIR, and STIR rats had fewer TUNEL and caspase-3-positive cells than REP rats (p<0.05). GFAP expression was higher in REP rats (p<0.05) than in SIR, TIR, and STIR rats (p<0.05). SIR and TIR rats showed higher TAS than REP rats (p<0.05). SIR, TIR, and STIR rats had lower TMAO values than REP and SHAM rats (p<0.05). Silymarin/thymoquinone reduces impairment, apoptosis, and astrocyte activation. Combination therapy reduces TMAO levels.
dc.description.sponsorshipSelcuk University Coordinatorship of the Faculty Member Training Program (OYP) [2015_OYP_107]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was supported by the Selcuk University Coordinatorship of the Faculty Member Training Program (OYP) (Project number 2015_OYP_107).
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/10520295.2024.2421511
dc.identifier.endpage404
dc.identifier.issn1052-0295
dc.identifier.issn1473-7760
dc.identifier.issue8
dc.identifier.pmid39508143
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85209574695
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage387
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/10520295.2024.2421511
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14034/2388
dc.identifier.volume99
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001350313300001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ4
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherTaylor & Francis Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofBiotechnic & Histochemistry
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250319
dc.subjectApoptosis
dc.subjectastrocyte activation
dc.subjectbilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO)
dc.subjectsilymarin
dc.subjectthymoquinone
dc.subjecttrimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)
dc.titleComparison of the protective effects of silymarin and thymoquinone in the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat model
dc.typeArticle

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