Using Photogrammetry to Analyze Anatomical Changes in the Nipple in Juvenile and Adolescent Scoliosis Patients

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dc.authoridGOKMEN, Figen/0000-0001-9635-6308
dc.contributor.authorDuygu, Ozden Bedre
dc.contributor.authorGovsa, Figen
dc.contributor.authorBicer, Ahmet
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-20T09:51:21Z
dc.date.available2025-03-20T09:51:21Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentİzmir Bakırçay Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackgroundThe need for an objective set of anterior trunk measurements, such as nipple and clavicular shoulder joints, is essential to quantify the anterior asymmetry present in scoliosis. This study aims to characterize breast asymmetry (BA) in young individuals with scoliosis using photogrammetry.MethodsDigital photographs of the anterior trunk of the 51 scoliosis patients aged 4-20 years were taken from an anterior perspective. These images were then transferred to a computer. Ten parameters were measured using the ImageJ software. The positions of patients' nipples were classified into 6 types based on ratios on the x-axis.ResultsThe majority of patients had a right breast that was larger, intensifying the apparent BA due to trunk rotation. The apical vertebra level in patients was found at T8 in 23.6% and T9 in 45.1%. In 92.5% of the patients, the right breast was consistently larger. The lengths between the lateral boundaries and nipples of the right and left breasts and between the medial boundary and nipple of the right breast were statistically significantly higher in males than in females (p<0.05). Significant differences were found when comparing the values of the lengths between the medial boundaries and nipples of the right and left breasts, the difference in length between the right and left acromioclavicular joint lines, and the angles of the nipple and acromioclavicular joint with the degrees of scoliosis in juvenile and adolescents (p<0.05). Pearson regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between BA differences and the Cobb angle with a correlation coefficient of 0.901. Factors related to breast aesthetics, like differences in the height of nipples and the distance from the sternal notch to the nipple, represent 30% of the overall score.ConclusionThe study concluded that there is a significant correlation between the severity of scoliosis and BA differences. Augmentation mammaplasty for BA not only decreased the breast difference but also leveled the nipple disparities. Photogrammetry is considered to be an alternative to other methods and is believed to contribute to the follow-up of BA.Level of Evidence IVThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00266-024-04039-5
dc.identifier.endpage4403
dc.identifier.issn0364-216X
dc.identifier.issn1432-5241
dc.identifier.issue21
dc.identifier.pmid38691177
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85191723274
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage4394
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-04039-5
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14034/2501
dc.identifier.volume48
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001215995200002
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.relation.ispartofAesthetic Plastic Surgery
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250319
dc.subjectBreast asymmetry
dc.subjectSurface topography
dc.subjectAnterior trunk asymmetry
dc.subjectBreast surface anatomy
dc.subjectPhotogrammetric analysis
dc.subjectTorsional deformity
dc.titleUsing Photogrammetry to Analyze Anatomical Changes in the Nipple in Juvenile and Adolescent Scoliosis Patients
dc.typeArticle

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