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Öğe Ponatinib ve Türkiye’de yetişen bazı endemik bitki ekstrelerinin kombinasyonlarının meme kanseri hücreleri üzerindeki etkileri(2022) Avcı, Çığır Biray; Süslüer, Sunde Yılmaz; Kurt, Cansu Çalışkan; Gündüz, Cumhur; Balcıokcanoğlu, Tuğçe; Kayabaşı, Çağla; Bağca, Bakiye Göker; Özmen Yelken, BesraAmaç: Meme kanseri, dünya genelinde kadınlarda en yaygın gözlenen malignansidir. Bu nedenle mevcut tedavilerin eksiklerini giderebilecek yeni stratejilerin tanımlanmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Çalışmamızda meme kanseri hücrelerinin hedeflenmesinde kullanılabilecek yeni bitkisel kombinasyon terapileri tanımlamayı hedefledik. Bu amaçla, Centaurea calolepis (CCİ), Origanum sipyleum (OSM) ve Phlomis lycia (PLİ) bitki ekstrelerinin ponatinib ile kombinasyonlarının MCF-7 hücreleri üzerindeki sitotoksik, apoptotik, anti-proliferatif ve hücre döngüsü üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: MCF-7 hücrelerinde OSM, CCİ, PLİ ve ponatinibin sitotoksik etkileri xCELLigence ile gerçek-zamanlı olarak ölçüldü. Ponatinib ile CCİ (p-CCİ), OSM (p-OSM), PLİ (p-PLİ) kombinasyonlarının analizleri için medyan-etki denklemini kullanıldı. Apoptoz, proliferasyon, hücre döngüsü düzenlenmesi akım sitometride değerlendirildi. Bulgular: MCF-7 hücrelerinde CCİ, OSM ve PLİ ekstrelerinin IC50 dozları sırasıyla 48. saatte 59,5, 57, 44,2 ?g/ml ve 72. saatte 51,6, 54,21, 42,52 ?g/ml olarak hesaplandı. Kombinasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre 48. saatte p-CCİ additif, p-OSM ve p-PLİ ılımlı sinerjistik etki sergilemekteydi. Ponatinib ile indüklenen apoptozun, CCİ ve PLİ kombinasyonlarıyla anlamlı düzeyde arttığı belirlendi. CCİ ve PLİ uygulamaları MCF-7 hücreleri üzerinde ılımlı düzeyde anti-proliferatif etki sergilerken, proliferasyonu en belirgin düzeyde OSM ekstresinin baskıladığı saptandı. Proliferasyon sonuçları ile uyumlu olarak, en yüksek G0/G1 tutulumu OSM uygulaması ile gözlendi. Kombine p-CCİ ve p-PLİ uygulamalarının ponatinibin anti-proliferatif etkisini anlamlı düzeyde arttırdıkları ve daha yüksek düzeyde G0/G1 birikimine neden oldukları ortaya koyuldu. Sonuç: Ponatinib ile CCİ, OSM, PLİ bitki ekstrelerinin kombinasyonları apoptozu indükleyerek, proliferasyonu baskılayarak ve hücre döngüsünün durdurarak meme kanserinde anti-kanser aktivitesi sergiledi. Belirlenen yüksek anti-kanser etkilerinin ışığında, Türkiye’de yetişen bu endemik bitki ekstreleri meme kanseri tedavisinde potansiyel strateji temsil edebilir.Öğe HLA-B varıatıons and HLA-B*57:01 prevalence ın HIV-1 ınfected Turkısh patıent(2022) Güleç, Rasime Derya; Kurtuluş, Mustafa; Özyılmaz, Berk; Köse, Şükran; Arslan, Fatma Demetntroduction: Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-B*57:01 is associated with a hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir used in antiretroviral therapy in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of HLA-B*57:01 and HLA-B alleles that may pose a risk in the Turkish population. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, 500 HIV-1 infected patients who applied to the Tissue Typing Laboratory and 500 healthy bone marrow donors as the control group were examined. HLA-B genotyping was performed before starting abacavir therapy. 451 (90.2%) of HIV-1 positive patients and 264 (52.8%) control group were male (p<0.001). HLA-B genotyping was performed using the sequence-specific primer (SSP) HLA-B kit or the HLA-B sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization (SSO) kit. The presence or absence of the HLA- B*57:01 specific allele in individuals with B*57 allele was detected using the HLA-B*57:01 SSP kit. Result: The HLA-B*57:01 allele frequency was found to be 1.5% (n=15) in HIV-1 positive patients and 1.6% (n=16) in controls. The prevalence of HLA-B*57:01 allele in the Turkish population was calculated as 3.1% (n=31). Also HLA-B*7 (p=0.013, OR: 1.761), HLA-B*14 (p=0.016, OR: 2.592), HLA-B*18 (p=0.001, OR: 2.106), HLA-B* 49 (p=0.035, OR: 1.626) alleles were associated with susceptibility to HIV-1. Conclusion: The prevalence of HLA-B*57:01, which we found as 3.1% in our society, is lower than the Caucasian ethnic group (5-8%) . Our results will shed light on the cost-effectiveness analysis studies to be conducted on HLA B*57:01 screening in HIV-1 positive patients and will contribute to the literature.Öğe Kritik COVID-19 hasta prognozunun değerlendirilmesinde akut faz proteinlerinin önemi(2022) Güleç, Derya; Yılmaz, Nisel; Arslan, Fatma Demet; Çalışkan, Taner; Şenoğlu, NimetAmaç: Yoğun bakım ünitesine ilk kabulde kötü prognoz riskine sahip COVID-19 hastalarını belirlemenin çeşitli tanısal zorlukları vardır. Karaciğer tarafından sentezlenen akut faz proteinlerinin konsantrasyonu inflamasyon ve enfeksiyonu takiben serumda artar veya azalır. Bu çalışmada, kritik COVID-19 hastalarında akut faz proteinlerinin prediktif değerini belirleme ve yoğun bakım ünitesinde mortalite riskini öngörmede inflamatuar belirteçlerin etkinliğini değerlendirme amaçlanmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Retrospektif olarak tasarlanan bu çalışma yoğun bakım ünitesinde tedavi gören kritik COVID-19 hastalarında yapıldı. Çalışmaya yoğun bakım ünitesine kabulün ilk 24 saatinde ARDS ve/veya çoklu organ disfonksiyonu olan 123 hasta dahil edildi. Yoğun bakım ünitesindeki 28 günün sonunda sağ kalan (n=54) ve ölen (n=69) hasta grupları veya invaziv mekanik ventilasyon (n=83) uygulanan ve uygulanmayan (n =40) hasta grupları oluşturuldu. Gruplar arasında akut faz proteinleri olan serum amiloid A, C-reaktif protein, albümin ve prealbüminin yoğun bakım ünitesine kabulün ilk 24 saat içerisindeki değerleri karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Albümin ve prealbümin düzeyleri ölen (sırasıyla p=0.011, p<0.001) ve mekanik ventilasyon uygulanan (sırasıyla p=0.010, p=0.006) hastalarda anlamlı olarak azaldı. Mekanik ventilasyonlu hastalarda serum amiloid A düzeyleri anlamlı olarak arttı (p=0.022). Sonuç: Yoğun bakım ünitesine kabul sırasında düşük prealbümin ve albümin seviyeleri ve yüksek serum amiloid A seviyeleri, hastalık şiddeti ve mortalitenin prognostik bir belirteci olarak kullanılabilir.Öğe Tiroid fonksiyon testlerinde diürnal ritm ve postprandial değişim(2022) Ihtiyar, Alperen; Arslan, Fatma Demet; Köseoğlu, Mehmet HicriAmaç: Tiroid fonksiyon testleri (TFT) klinisyenler tarafından en sık istenen biyokimyasal parametrelerinden biridir ve günün herhangi bir saatinde analiz edilebilmektedir. Bu nedenle hastaların tanı ve takibinde doğru ve güvenilir bir karar vermek için diürnal varyasyon ve açlık-tokluk durumunun TFT üzerine etkisini değerlendirdik. Gereç ve Yöntem: 16 sağlıklı erişkin gönüllüden (11 erkek, 5 kadın), 9.00, 10.00, 11.00, 12.00, 15.00, 18.00 ve 24.00 saatlerinde kan alındı. Saat 09.00'da alınan örnekler bazal düzey olarak kabul edildi. Diğer saatlerdeki tiroid uyarıcı hormon (TSH), serbest triyodotironin (fT3) ve serbest tiroksin (fT4) düzeyler, bazal düzeyler ile istatistiksel ve klinik olarak karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Gün boyunca fT4 düzeylerinde istatistiksel ve klinik olarak anlamlı bir varyasyon bulunmazken, TSH düzeyleri bazale göre (-%27.37)-(%48.95) arasında klinik olarak anlamlı değişim gösterdi. fT3 düzeylerinin ise sadece saat 15.00 ve 18.00’deki değişimi (-%5.59) klinik olarak anlamlı bulundu. Sonuç: TSH ve fT3 test sonuçları değerlendirilirken diürnal varyasyonunun da göz önüne bulundurulması ve değilse sabah aynı saatlerde kan örneklemi yapılması gerektiği düşünüldü.Öğe Determination of heat shock proteins in certain Bacillus species(2022) Konuk, Elçin YenidünyaIn this study, the effects of four different temperatures on the sporulation and development of 6 Bacillus species, 2 native and 4 reference were investigated. The SDS PAGE analysis emerged that two different proteins, 40 and 39 kilodalton (kDa), were produced by Bacillus sphaericus ATCC 2362 after 24 and 48, respectively hours at 48°C, by local isolate 4 after 24 and 48 hours at 42°C and by local isolate 31 after 24 and 48 hours at 48°C. Additionally Bacillus firmus (ATCC 14573) produced a 40 kDa protein after 48 hours at 52°C and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis produced a 42 kDa protein after 48 hours at 42°C. At temperatures of 48 and 52°C, after 12, 24 and 48 hours incubation, vegetative and heat resistant spore counts were determined to reduce by 104-106 fold according to bacterial counts. As a result, the data revealed that at 48 and 52°C spore vitality fell by a significant degree. Additionally, SDS PAGE analysis results showed that high temperature resistance was provided by different heat shock proteins a 40 kDa protein produced by B. firmus ATCC (14573), 40-39 kDa proteins produced by B. sphaericus (ATCC 2362), and local isolates 4 and 31 and 42 kDa protein produced by B. thuringiensis var. israelensis.Öğe Comparison of broth microdilution method with BD phoenix, micro scan and e-test for carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales colistin susceptibility testing(2022) Yiş, ReyhanObjective: In the past years, due to the increasing carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infection rates, colistin use has been on the rise. Multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria and colistin resistance are increasing simultaneously; therefore, an accurate method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of colistin is crucial. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing recommend the standard broth microdilution (BMD) method for colistin minimum inhibitory concentration testing. In this study, we aimed to examine the performance of BD Phoenix, MicroScan, and E-tests on CRE isolates on the determination of colistin susceptibility. The existing commercial tests were compared to the reference BMD method. Methods: One hundred and twenty non-duplicate clinical Enterobacterales isolates such as Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterobacter cloace (E. cloacae) were collected between August 2017 to June 2018. The BD Phoenix, MicroScan systems, and E-tests were used to test colistin susceptibility. Commercial methods were compared with the reference method BMD. Results: Colistin susceptibility was evaluated in 120 Gram-negative clinical isolates, including 108 K. pneumoniae, 10 E. coli, 2 E. cloacae, during the study period. Among the isolates, 66 (55%) were susceptible, and 54 (45%) were resistant to colistin, according to BMD. BD Phoenix, MicroScan, and E-test had 90.90%, 95.45%, and 96.96% sensitivity, respectively, when colistin was tested. Conclusion: In routine clinical practice, the worldwide reference method can hardly be implemented, and commercially available systems are used for the interpretation of colistin susceptibility. Colistin use is increasing for the treatment of multiresistant Gram-negative infections, further and more extensive studies are needed for precise susceptibility testing methods for this compound. We recommend that laboratories use the BMD method at least in selected patient groups in the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance.Öğe Web-Based bibliometric evaluation of robotic radical prostatectomy in prostate cancer: analysis of Turkey data(2022) Horsanalı, Mustafa Ozan; Çağlayan, AlperAim: Prostate cancers are the second most commonly diagnosed cancers in men. The developments in robotic surgery brought along a period in which all number of articles were written. This study, we researched the field and contribution of articles written in the world and in Turkey on robot assisted radical prostatectomy with bibliometric analysis in a web-based software. Material and Methods: In our study, 1434 original articles in the world and 57 original articles in Turkey, which met the criteria, were scanned in ISI Web of Knowledge-Science (WoS) data base by using the keywords ‘robot, prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy’. The parameters, country of the article, publication year of the article, WoS category of the article, the name of the journal where the article was published, type of the article (Original), language of the article (English) and WoS index (SCI-E), were evaluated with bibliometric analysis method. Results: Analysis of countries points out that the United States of America ranked the first with 563 (39.2%) articles, while Turkey ranked in the 11th place with 57 (3.9%) articles. According to publication year, it was found that the highest number of articles published in the world was in 2020 with 173 (12.06%) articles, while it was in 2021 with 10 (17.5%) in Turkey. With respect to field categories in WoS data base, the world was found that the field of Urology-Nephrology ranked the first with 1042 (72%) articles, while similarly Urology-Nephrology ranked the first with 35 (61.4%) articles in Turkey. According to journal name, BJU International was the journal in which the highest number of articles were published in the world with 157 (10.9%), while Journal of Endourology was the journal in which the highest number of articles were published in Turkey with 10 (17.5%) articles. In the citations and H-index rates of articles by year, it was 78 in the world and 15 in Turkey which show rising curve over the last two decades. Conclusion: Current developments in robotic surgery have a significant place in world scientific publication performance. Turkey has made valuable contributions to literature since 2014 with increasing number of articles and citations.Öğe Erianinin HT29 kolorektal kanser hücrelerinin proliferasyonu ve koloni oluşumu üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması(2021) Seçme, Mücahit; Elmas, Levent; Koçoğlu, Sema SerterKolorektal kanser, dünyada kanser ilişkili ölümlerin en yaygın dördüncü sebebidir. Erianin antioksidan ve anti-tümör etkilere sahip Dendrobium ekstraktından elde edilen yeni bir dibenzil bileşiğidir. Bu çalışmada, erianinin HT29 kolorektal kanser hücreleri üzerine olan terapötik etkileri araştırılmıştır. Erianinin HT29 hücre canlılığı üzerine etkileri XTT test ile koloni oluşumu üzerine etkileri ise koloni formasyonu ile değerlendirilmiştir. Erianinin HT29 hücrelerinde IC50 değeri 48. saatte 59.05 ?M olarak belirlenmiştir. HT29 hücre dizisinde erianin uygulanan grupta koloni sayısı 67±33 iken kontrol grubunda 350±89 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Erianin, HT29 kolorektal kanser hücrelerinde koloni oluşumunu ise anlamlı derecede azaltmıştır. Yapılan çalışmaların sonuçları, erianinin kolorektal kanser tedavisinde doğal elde edilen bir bileşik olarak güvenli, kolay ulaşılabilir ve umut veren terapötik bir ilaç olabileceğini destekler niteliktedir. Gelecekte erianinin kolorektal kanser hücreleri üzerindeki etki mekanizmasını aydınlatacak daha kapsamlı ve çok merkezli desteklenecek ileri düzeyde klinik çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.Öğe Ponatinib miRNA ifadelerini düzenleyerek meme kanseri hücrelerini hedefler(2021) Süslüer, Sunde; Gündüz, Cumhur; Kurt, Cansu Çalışkan; Avcı, Çığır Biray; Yelken, Besra Özmen; Kayabaşı, Çağla; Mutlu, ZeynepMeme kanseri kadınlarda en yaygın gözlenen kanser türüdür. Mevcut tedavilerin düşük seçicilik ya da zamanla oluşan ilaç direnci gibi eksiklerini giderebilecek yeni stratejilerin belirlenmesine ihtiyaç vardır. Çalışmamızda, çoklu hedefli bir tirozin kinaz inhibitörü olan ponati- nibin meme kanseri hücreleri üzerindeki anti-kanser etkisini değerlendirmeyi ve ponatinib yanıtında yer alan miRNA'ların biyoinformatik yaklaşım ile sinyal yolaklarındaki potansiyel işlevini tanımlamayı hedefledik. Bu amaçla, MCF-7 hücrelerinde ponatinibin sitotoksik etkileri xCELLigence ile gerçek-zamanlı olarak belirlendi. Ponatinib uygulaması sonrasında apoptoz, proliferasyon hızı, hücre döngüsündeki deği- şimler akım sitometriyle, miRNA'ların ifadelerindeki düzenlenmeler qRT-PCR ile değerlendirildi. İfadelerinde anlamlı değişim belirlenen miRNA’ların ilişkili olduğu olası mRNA’lar ve sinyal yolakları KEGG yolak analizi ile tanımlandı. Ponatinibin MCF-7 hücreleri üzerinde sitotoksik etkiye sahip olduğu (IC50: 4,59 ?M) belirlendi. Ponatinib uygulaması ile MCF-7 hücrelerinde anlamlı olarak apoptozun indüklen- diği, proliferasyonun baskılandığı ve hücre döngüsünün G0 /G1, S evrelerinde durakladığı belirlendi. Ayrıca, let-7a-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-7-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-212-3p ifadelerinde artış (p<0,05), miR-210-3p, miR-19b-3p, miR-140-5p, miR-181b-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-141-3p, miR-21-5p ifadelerinde azalma olduğu (p<0,05), miR-19a-3p ifadesinin ise tamamen baskılandığı belirlendi. Biyoinformatik analizler ile, ifadesi değişen miRNA’ların kanserde proteoglikanlar, Hippo, p53, TGF-beta, kanser-ilişkili, PI3K-Akt, prolaktin, hücre dön- güsü, östrojen, mTOR sinyal yolakları ile ilişkili olduğu ortaya koyuldu. Ponatinib uygulaması meme kanseri hücrelerinde apoptozu indükle- yerek, proliferasyonu baskılayarak ve hücre döngüsünü durdurarak güçlü anti-kanser aktivite sergilemiştir. Ponatinibin belirlenen anti-kanser etkilerinde miRNA’ların rolleri olabileceği gösterilmiştir. Olası miRNA-mRNA etkileşimleri ile meme kanserindeki hedef sinyal yolakları- nın tanımlanması ışığında, ponatinibin tek başına veya diğer tedavilerle kombinasyon halinde meme kanseri tedavisi için potansiyel bir strateji olabileceği görüşündeyiz.Öğe Investıgatıon of ursodeoxycholıc acıd effects on sırolımus treated adıpose tıssue-derıved mesenchymal stem cells(2022) Uyanıkgil, Yiğit; Gündüz, Cumhur; Yiğittürk, Gürkan; Çavuşoğlu, Türker; Gökçe, Burak; None, Senem; Tomruk, CanberkObjective The usage of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with immunosuppressive drugs after organ transplantation is becoming remarkable in clinical applications. However, the drugs negatively affect MSCs. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), which is an antioxidant molecule, may reverse these effects. The study aims that to determine the effects of sirolimus and UDCA on human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ADMSCs) individually and in combination. Material and Method The cytotoxicity of the agents was evaluated by WST-1 test in time and dose-dependent manner. The combinational effects were determined using isobologram analysis. Muse cell analyzer was used for the evaluation of apoptosis and cell cycle. Oxidative stress markers were measured by biochemical methods. Results IC50 dose of sirolimus was determined as 18.58?M in the 48th hour. Because no cytotoxic effect was observed at the studied doses of UDCA, the apoptosis, cell cycle, and oxidative stress indicator analyses were continued with a safe dose of 100 ?M. Sirolimus promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation. It was determined that UDCA reduced the apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of sirolimus on ADMSCs with its anti-oxidant property. Conclusion The UDCA treatment in combination with immunosuppressive therapy after organ and tissue transplantation may have positive effects on ADMSCs.Öğe Histopathological investigation of the effect of coenzyme q10 on intestinal mucosa and tight junction proteins in experimental colitis model(2022) Demirel, Mürşide Ayşe; Dizakar, Saadet Özen AkarcaAim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the mucosa, goblet cell density and tight junction (TJ) proteins in the acetic acid-induced colitis model in rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four,10-week-old female Wistar albino rats were used in the study and divided into 3 groups; Control(n=4), Colitis (n=10) and Colitis+ CoQ10 (n=10). The colitis model was induced with 4% acetic acid. One day after colitis induction, CoQ10 was administered to the Colitis+CoQ10 group by gavage (30 mg/kg/day) for 10 days. After the treatment, the sacrification of the experimental animals was carried out. The macroscopic evaluation was performed. Microscopic scoring and goblet cell density by staining sections with Masson’s Trichrome and Alcian blue; TJ proteins were also evaluated by immunohistochemical analyzes of Occludin (Occ), Zonula Ocludens-1 (ZO-1), and Claudin-1 (Cl-1). Results: Macroscopic and microscopic scoring of colon tissues belonging to the colitis group showed a statistically significant increase compared to the control group (p<0.05). In the colitis+CoQ10 group, macroscopic and histopathological damage decreased significantly (p<0.05), and the percentage of Alcian blue staining area and the goblet cell density increased statistically with CoQ10 compared to the colitis group (p<0.05). It was also noted that there was an increase in the immunoreactivity of TJ proteins, which are important in the integrity of the mucosal barrier. Conclusion: CoQ10 showed a positive effect on histopathological changes and tight junction proteins in acetic acid-induced colitis model. However, it is thought that more detailed and various experimental and clinical studies supported by advanced molecular techniques are needed on the protective effects of CoQ10 against ulcerative colitis patients.Öğe Developing an anatomy lecture model for medical students using 3D anaglyph imaging method(Gazi Universitesi, 2022) Peker Tuncay Veysel; Dizakar Saadet Özen Akarca; Dayanır DuyguTechnological developments have been reflected in the methods and materials used in the field of education, as a result, educational technologies have progressed. In the present study, in order to make the organ anatomy of the female genital system more understandable for medical students, digital images were taken from the anatomical structures related to the lecture and transformed into 3D anaglyph stereo images. As a result of the evaluation questionnaire applied at the end of the lesson, it was seen that the students found the anatomy lecture using 3D materials more understandable. It suggests that the development of 3D presentations and visuals in order to contribute to the understanding of the lectures related to macro and micro anatomy containing complex anatomical structures will increase the learning and participation performance of the students. Copyright © 2022 by Gazi University Medical Faculty.Öğe Investigation of oxidative damage, antioxidant balance, DNA repair genes, and apoptosis due to radiofrequency-induced adaptive response in mice(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Küçükbağrıaçık Yusuf; Dastouri Mohammadreza; Özgür-Büyükkatalay Elçin; Akarca- Dizakar,Saadet Özen; Yegin K.This study aims to determine whether exposure to non-ionizing radiofrequency fields could induce an adaptive response (AR) in adult mice and to reveal potential molecular mechanisms triggered by RF-induced AR. The study was performed on 24 adult male Swiss-Albino mice. The average mass of the mice was 37 g. Four groups of adult mice, each consisting of 6, were formed. The radiofrequency group (R) and the adaptive response group (RB) were exposed to 900 MHz of global system for mobile communications (GSM) signal at 0.339 W/kg (1 g average specific absorption rate) 4 h/day for 7 days, while the control group (C) and the bleomycin group (B) were not exposed. 20 minutes after the last radiofrequency field (RF) exposure, the mice in the B and RB groups were injected intraperitoneal (ip) bleomycin (BLM), 37.5 mg/kg. All the animals were sacrificed 30 minutes after the BLM injection. Oxidative damage and antioxidant mechanism were subsequently investigated in the blood samples. Changes in the expression of the genes involved in DNA repair were detected in the liver tissue. TUNEL method was used to determine the apoptosis developed by DNA fragmentation in the liver tissue. The RB group, which produced an adaptive response, was compared with the control group. According to the results, the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the RB group may have played an important role in triggering the adaptive response and producing the required minimum stress level. Furthermore, tumor suppressor 53(p53), oxo guanine DNA glycosylase (OGG-1) levels responsible for DNA repair mechanism genes expression were increased in conjunction with the increase in ROS. The change in the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) gene expression were not statistically significant. The antioxidant enzyme levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were decreased in the group with adaptive response. According to the data obtained from terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis, apoptosis was decreased in the RB group due to the decrease in cell death, which might have resulted from an increase in gene expression responsible for DNA repair mechanisms. The results of our study show that exposure to RF radiation may create a protective reaction against the bleomycin. The minimal oxidative stress due to the RF exposure leads to an adaptive response in the genes that play a role in the DNA repair mechanism and enzymes, enabling the survival of the cell. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Öğe An overview of new generation bio-inspired algorithms for portfolio optimization(Springer, 2022) Arslan Hilal; Uğurlu Onur; Eliiyi Deniz TürselBio-inspired computing is one of the foremost subfields of artificial intelligence, which aims to tackle complex optimization problems. The main advantage of bio-inspired algorithms over traditional methods is their searching ability. Portfolio selection is a popular optimization problem in economics and finance. It aims to find an optimal allocation of capital among a set of assets by maximization of return with simultaneous minimization of risk. Since the portfolio optimization problem is NP-hard, a large number of researchers have resorted to bio-inspired algorithms to deal with the computational complexity. This study provides an overview of the new generation bio-inspired algorithms from the recently published literature for portfolio optimization. Besides, opportunities for future research within this area discussed. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Öğe Usefulness of laboratory parameters and chest CT in the early diagnosis of COVID-19(Inst Medicina Tropical Sao Paulo, 2022) Colak, Ayfer; Oncel, Dilek; Altin, Zeynep; Turken, Melda; Arslan, Fatma Demet; Iyilikci, Veli; Yilmaz, NiselIn the present study, the importance of laboratory parameters and CT findings in the early diagnosis of COVID-19 was investigated. To this end, 245 patients admitted between April 1st, and May 30th, 2020 with suspected COVID-19 were enrolled. The patients were divided into three groups according to chest CT findings and RT-PCR results. The non-COVID-19 group consisted of 71 patients with negative RT-PCR results and no chest CT findings. Ninety-five patients with positive RT-PCR results and negative chest CT findings were included in the COVID-19 group; 79 patients with positive RT-PCR results and chest CT findings consistent with COVID-19 manifestations were included in COVID-19 pneumonia group. Chest CT findings were positive in 45% of all COVID-19 patients. Patients with positive chest CT findings had mild (n=30), moderate (n=21) andor severe (n=28) lung involvement. In the COVID-19 group, CRP levels and the percentage of monocytes increased significantly. As disease progressed from mild to severe, CRP, LDH and ferritin levels gradually increased. In the ROC analysis, the area under the curve corresponding to the percentage value of monocytes (AUC=0.887) had a very good accuracy in predicting COVID-19 cases. The multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that CRP, LYM and % MONO were independent factors for COVID-19. Furthermore, the chest CT evaluation is a relevant tool in patients with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 pneumonia and negative RT-PCR results. In addition to decreased lymphocyte count, the increased percentage of monocytes may also guide the diagnosis.Öğe The therapeutic effects of coenzyme Q10 on surgically induced endometriosis in Sprague Dawley rats(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022) Akarca-Dizakar,Saadet Özen; Demirel, Mürşide Ayşe; Coşkun Akçay, Neslihan; Sipahi, Mehmet; Karakoç Sökmensüer, Lale; Boyunağa, Hakan; Köylü, AyşeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of endometriosis rat models. Twenty seven Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups; Control Group (n = 7; Endometriosis group), Reference Group (n = 6; Endometriosis + Buserelin acetate, 20 mg/kg), CoQ10 Group-I (n = 7; Endometriosis + CoQ10, 50 mg/kg) and CoQ10 Group-II (n = 7; Endometriosis + CoQ10, 100 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, all the rats were sacrificed, and the volume and histoarchitecture of endometrial implants were evaluated. The mast cells were determined by Toluidine blue and collagen fiber density was analysed by Masson's Trichrome staining. Tumour necrosis factor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in peritoneal fluid and VEGF and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Terminal deoxynucleotidil transferase-mediated dUTP Nick end labelling (TUNEL) was also used for the detection of apoptotic cells. The CoQ10 treatment significantly decreased the volume of endometriotic implants, VEGF, and MMP-9 immunoreactivity and increased TUNEL-positive cells. The findings of the study suggest that CoQ10 can be used in endometriosis treatment by suppressing the endometriotic implants.IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? Endometriosis is a gynaecological disorder and previous studies have shown that different treatments with antioxidants cause significant regression in the endometriotic implants. What the results of this study add? In this study, CoQ10 reduced intra-abdominal adhesion scores and volume of the endometriotic implants. In addition, CoQ10 treatment affected mast cell, TNF-alpha, VEGF, and MMP-9. What of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? CoQ10 treatments may be possible to apply, it can contribute to science in terms of a new therapeutic treatment for endometriosis. Further studies are required to evaluate the Coenzyme Q10's effects on pain and subfertility in endometriosis.Öğe The role of sperm DNA integrity in couples with recurrent implantation failure following IVF treatment(Wiley, 2022) Çağlayan, Alper; Horsanalı, Mustafa Ozan; Buyrukçu, Buğra AdilThere is increasing evidence from the literature that indicates the association between impaired sperm DNA integrity and male infertility. However, the data is insufficient regarding recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and sperm DNA damage. This study aimed to investigate the association between sperm DNA fragmentation and RIF cases. Basic semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) of men whose partner was suffering from RIF were compared with men whose partner was diagnosed with unexplained infertility (UEI) but had clinical pregnancies following IVF treatment. A retrospective analysis from a large-volume IVF center has been performed, and a total of 197 couples underwent analysis. Two groups were formed, couples with RIF and couples diagnosed with UEI but had clinical pregnancies (controls) following IVF cycles. The mean number of cycles showed significant differences between the groups. However, no statistical difference was observed between RIF and the control group regarding patient characteristics, semen parameters, and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI). Also, no statistically significant correlation was found between sperm DFI and clinical pregnancies in the unexplained infertility cohort. Our results show that sperm DNA fragmentation may not be an important contributing factor to RIF cases.Öğe The role of ERK-1 and ERK-2 gene polymorphisms in PCOS pathogenesis(Bmc, 2022) Guney, Gurhan; Taskin, Mine Islimye; Sener, Nazli; Tolu, Ezgi; Dodurga, Yavuz; Elmas, Levent; Cetin, OrkunBackground Ovulation is regulated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 (ERK-1) and ERK-2 signaling mechanisms, and ERK-1/2 kinases modulates the function of most of the LH-regulated genes. Defective ERK kinase signaling that is secondary to a genetic problem contributes to both ovulatory dysfunction and metabolic problems in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We planned to investigate ERK-1 and ERK-2 gene polymorphisms in PCOS for the first time in the Turkish population. Methods One hundred two PCOS patients and 102 healthy controls were recruited for this patient control study. HOMA-IR, Ferriman-Gallwey score (FGS), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. Lipid profile levels, CRP, and total testosterone were determined. ERK-2 rs2276008 (G > C) and ERK-1 rs11865228 (G > A) SNPs were analyzed with a real-time PCR system. Results ERK-1 and ERK-2 genotypes were found to differ between the PCOS and control groups. In patients with PCOS, ERK-1 GA and ERK-2 GC genotypes were different in terms of BMI, FGS, HOMA-IR, CRP, total testosterone, and total cholesterol levels. Conclusions ERK-1 and ERK-2 genes are involved in PCOS pathogenesis. BMI, FGS, HOMA-IR, and CRP levels are related to the heterozygote polymorphic types of ERK-1 and ERK-2 genes.Öğe Is adenotonsillectomy safe in Covid-19 era? Investigation of SARS-CoV2 in adenoid and tonsil tissues(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2022) Müderris, Togay; Aysel, Abduelhalim; Yiş, Reyhan; Muderris, Tuba; Oketem, Ibrahim Mehmet Ali; corakci, OnurObjectives: COVID-19 has seriously altered physicians' approach to patients and diseases, with a tendency to postpone elective procedures. Tonsillectomy, alone or with adenoidectomy, is one of the most common surgeries performed by otolaryngologists. Although they are generally accepted as elective surgeries, they significantly improve the quality of life, and postponing these surgeries for a long time can have deteriorative effects on the patients. We aimed to investigate the presence of SARS CoV-2 in the adenotonsillectomy materials to find out if performing adenotonsillectomy is safe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Forty-eight tissue samples from 32 patients that underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy were investigated whose SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test in the samples obtained from nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs were negative within 24 h before the operation. While 16 patients underwent only tonsillectomy and one of their tonsils was investigated, 16 of the patients underwent adenotonsillectomy and their adenoid tissues were sent along with one of their tonsils. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was investigated with Real-Time PCR in tissue samples. Results: Two (4.2%) tissue samples had positive PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2, while 46 of them were negative. One of the positive patients had undergone tonsillectomy with the indication of chronic recurrent tonsillitis, and the other patient had undergone adenotonsillectomy for obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy. PCR test was positive in the adenoidectomy specimen and negative in the tonsillectomy specimen in this patient. Conclusions: Adenotonsillectomy can be done safely in asymptomatic patients without a history of Covid-19, with a negative PCR test result obtained within the last 24 h.Öğe Glycoside oleandrin downregulates toll-like receptor pathway genes and associated miRNAs in human melanoma cells(Elsevier, 2022) Güneş, Canan Eroğlu; Çelik, Fatma Seçer; Seçme, Mücahit; Elmas, Levent; Dodurga, Yavuz; Kurar, ErcanMelanoma accounts for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Nerium oleander is a plant known to be toxic and consumed due to the cardiac glycosides it contains. Oleandrin is a cardiac glycoside obtained from of N. oleander. Beside capable of inhibiting proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, cardiac glycoside derivative compounds cause cardiovascular side effects. Because of cardiovascular toxicity of clinically used cardiac gly-cosides, it is necessary to investigate cardiac glycoside derivative compounds capable of inhibiting proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells.It is known that oleandrin has anticarcinogenic effects in other cancers. Previous studies have shown that toll -like receptors (TLRs) and their related microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with cancer. Therefore, aim was to investigate the effect of oleandrin on genes and miRNAs associated with TLRs in A375 melanoma cells in this study. The effects of oleandrin on cell viability, cytokines, apoptosis were evaluated using XTT, ELISA and TUNEL analyses, respectively. The effect of oleandrin on expression of TLR genes and 5 associated miRNAs in A375 cells has been determined by qRT-PCR. In addition, the levels of MyD88, TLR2 and TLR4 proteins were analyzed by western blot method.ELISA indicated that oleandrin treatment (47 nM at 48 h) reduced the level of proinflammatory cytokine IFNG. TUNEL analysis showed that apoptosis rate was significantly increased in the oleandrin dose group. According to qRT-PCR results, there was a significant decrease in IRAK1, IRAK4, MyD88, TLR2-TLR7 and TRAF3 expressions in the oleandrin treated group compared to the control (untreated cell). Also, a significant decrease in TLR4 protein expression has been observed. In addition, oleandrin significantly downregulated the levels of hsa-miRNA-146a-5p and hsa-miRNA-21-5p.In conclusion, it has been observed that oleandrin has an effect on TLR pathway-related genes and miRNAs in melanoma cells. We show that TLRs pathways and hsa-miR-146a-5p and hsa-miR-21-5p can participate in the oleandrin molecular mechanism of action.
