Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14034/46

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Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) expression in response to rectal cancer treatment
(Wiley, 2024) Arslan, Fatma Demet; Kocak-Sezgin, A.; Aydin, C.; Pala, E. E.; Oncel, D.; Gulden, A.; Unlu, D.
[No abstract available]
The effect of calorie restriction on testicular tissue during aging process -2
(Wiley, 2025) Toker, Esra; Coskun, Ayca; Aktan, Arzu Keskin; Dizakar, Saadet Özen Akarca; Akbulut, Kazime Gonca
[No abstract available]
The effect of calorie restriction on testicular tissue during aging process
(Wiley, 2025) Toker, Esra; Coskun, Ayca; Aktan, Arzu Keskin; Dizakar, Saadet Özen Akarca; Akbulut, Kazime Gonca
[No abstract available]
Evaluation of hand morphometry in healthy young individuals from different countries
(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2024) Sahin, Necati Emre; Bakici, Rukiye Sumeyye; Toy, Seyma; Öner, Zülal
This study aims to examine the hand morphometry of healthy young individuals from different countries and investigate the differences between countries in typing of hand based on the morphometric values obtained. In the study, 16 different parameters, including two surface areas and 14 lengths, were measured from the right hand of 579 volunteers (250 females, 329 males) from 7 different countries (Turkey, Chad, Morocco, Gabon, Kazakhstan, Senegal and Syria). Factor analysis was performed on the parameters, cluster analysis was performed according to the factor score obtained, and the hand types in the study were determined. As a result of the study, four different hand types were defined, and the distribution of these types according to countries was analyzed. All parameters showed significant differences between countries in both genders (p<0.05). According to the results of the study, there was a difference between male and female hand types between countries. In females, the type 1 hand type was found only in Gabon, the type 2 hand type was found only in Senegal, the type 3 hand type was found in Turkey, Morocco and Kazakhstan, while the type 4 hand type was significantly distributed in Senegal and Gabon (X-2 =104.62; df=18, p<0.05). In males, type 1 hand type was found in Turkey, type 2 hand type in Senegal and Gabon, type 3 hand type in Turkey, while type 4 hand type was significantly distributed in Morocco and Kazakhstan (X-2 =76.964; df=18, p<0.05).
Sex prediction of hyoid bone from computed tomography images using the DenseNet121 deep learning model
(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2024) Bakici, Rukiye Sumeyye; Cakmak, Muhammet; Öner, Zülal; Öner, Serkan
The study aims to demonstrate the success of deep learning methods in sex prediction using hyoid bone. The images of people aged 15-94 years who underwent neck Computed Tomography (CT) were retrospectively scanned in the study. The neck CT images of the individuals were cleaned using the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer (version 2023.1) program, leaving only the hyoid bone. A total of 7 images in the anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, right, left, and right-anterior-upward directions were obtained from a patient's cut hyoid bone image. 2170 images were obtained from 310 hyoid bones of males, and 1820 images from 260 hyoid bones of females. 3990 images were completed to 5000 images by data enrichment. The dataset was divided into 80 % for training, 10 % for testing, and another 10 % for validation. It was compared with deep learning models DenseNet121, ResNet152, and VGG19. An accuracy rate of 87 % was achieved in the ResNet152 model and 80.2 % in the VGG19 model. The highest rate among the classified models was 89 % in the DenseNet121 model. This model had a specificity of 0.87, a sensitivity of 0.90, an F1 score of 0.89 in women, a specificity of 0.90, a sensitivity of 0.87, and an F1 score of 0.88 in men. It was observed that sex could be predicted from the hyoid bone using deep learning methods DenseNet121, ResNet152, and VGG19. Thus, a method that had not been tried on this bone before was used. This study also brings us one step closer to strengthening and perfecting the use of technologies, which will reduce the subjectivity of the methods and support the expert in the decision-making process of sex prediction.
Anticancer effects of cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist JWH133 on Prostate Cancer cell lines
(Wiley, 2025) Ozcan, Seda Sabah; Yapar, Rehime; Degerli, Ismail; Elmas, Levent; Korkmaz, Mehmet; Cakir, Murat
[No abstract available]
Machine learning for E-triage
(SET Teknoloji, 2022) Bora, Şebnem; Kantarcı, Aylin; Erdoğan, Arife; Beynek, Burak; Kheibari, Bita; Evren, Vedat; Erdoğan, Mümin Alper; Gönüllü, Hayriye; Eryaz, Cansu Demirtürk
Due to the rising number of visits to emergency departments all around the world and the importance of emergency departments in hospitals, the accurate and timely evaluation of a patient in the emergency section is of great importance. In this regard, the correct triage of the emergency department also requires a high level of priority and sensitivity. Correct and timely triage of patients is vital to effective performance in the emergency department, and if the inappropriate level of triage is chosen, errors in patients' triage will have serious consequences. It can be difficult for medical staff to assess patients' priorities at times, therefore offering an intelligent method will be pivotal for both increasing the accuracy of patients' priorities and decreasing the waiting time for emergency patients. In this study, we evaluate the machine learning algorithms in triage procedure. Our experiments show that Random Forest approach outperforms the others in e-triage.
Deneysel kolit modelinde karaciğer ve pankreasta görülen morfometrik değişiklikler ve vagal stimulasyonun kronik dönemde bu değişiklikler üzerine olan etkilerinin incelenmesi
(Yüksek İhtisas Üniversitesi, 2024) Koçak, Özgenur; Gozil, Rabet; Atalar, Kerem; Dizakar, Saadet Özen Akarca ; Alım, Ece; Soylu, Ayşe; Bahcelıoglu, Meltem
Giriş: İnflamatuvar bağırsak hastalığı, sindirim sisteminin kronik ve idiyopatik bir hastalığıdır. Hastalık ayrıca karaciğeri ve pankreası da etkilemektedir. Çalışmadaki amacımız transkutanoz aurikular vagal sinir stimulasyonunun (TAVNS) karaciğer ve pankreas hasarının iyileşmesi üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmamız 4 grup halinde 36 sıçanla yapılmıştır. Sham grubuna intrakolonik salin enjeksiyonu yapılmış ve TAVNS uygulanmamıştır. Sham+ TAVNS grubuna intrakolonik olarak salin enjekte edilmiş ve TAVNS uygulanmıştır. TNBS+Sham grubuna intrakolonik olarak TNBS (trinitrobenzen sülfonik asit) enjekte edilmiş ve TAVNS uygulanmamıştır. TNBS+TAVNS grubuna hem TNBS enjekte edilmiş hem de TAVNS uygulanmıştır. Karaciğer dokusu ve pankreas dokusu histolojik ve histomorfometrik olarak incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda TNBS+Sham ve TNBS+TAVNS gruplarının son vücut ağırlıkları Sham ve Sham+TAVNS gruplarına göre anlamlı olarak düşük bulundu. TNBS uygulanan grupların karaciğer ve pankreas histopatolojik skorları anlamlı olarak yüksekti. TNBS+Sham grubundaki sıçanların karaciğer hepatositlerinde bazı bölgelerde nekrotik alanlar, vakuolar dejenerasyon ve sinüzoidal konjesyon gözlendi. Grup TNBS+TAVNS grubunun karaciğer kesitlerindeki dejeneratif bulgular kısmen azaldı. TNBS+Sham ve TNBS+TAVNS gruplarındaki hayvanların pankreasındaki Langerhans adacıklarının sayısı ve alanı, Sham ve Sham+ TAVNS gruplarına göre daha düşük bulundu. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada sıçanlarda TNBS kaynaklı kolitin karaciğer ve pankreasta histopatolojik ve histomorfometrik değişikliklere neden olarak kilo kaybına yol açtığı ve TAVNS'nun bu değişiklikler üzerinde terapötik etkilerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Kunuralp national multidisiplinary studies congress in medicine and health sciences December 22-24th 2023, Online
(Tıbbi Kayıtlar Derneği, 2024) Öner, Zülal
KONURALP NATIONAL MULTIDISIPLINARY STUDIES CONGRESS IN MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DECEMBER 22-24th 2023, ONLINE ORAL PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS BOOK
1st international medical records congress December 3-5, 2021, Online
(Tıbbi Kayıtlar Derneği, 2022) Öner, Zülal
1ST INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RECORDS CONGRESS DECEMBER 3-5, 2021, ONLINE ORAL PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS BOOK
Atmosferik basınç soğuk plazmanın bakteri izolatları üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması
(Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi, 2023) Bozduman, Ferhat; Seçgin, Yusuf; Yılmaz, Şerife; Öner, Zülal; Solmaz, Hasan
Amaç: Atmosferik basınç soğuk plazma sağlık, gıda ve tarım sektöründe antimikrobiyal etkinliği için kullanılan termal olmayan plazma türüdür. Bu çalışma farklı bakteri izolatları üzerine atmosferik basınç soğuk plazmanın etkinliğinin araştırılması amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma standart referans bakteri suşu olan; Escherichia coli (O157:H7), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC 13048), Rhodococcus equi (ATCC 6939), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Enterococcus feacalis (ATCC 2912) ve saha izolatı olan 12 adet Escherichia coli izolatı, 22 adet Staphylococcus spp., 18 adet Klebsiella spp., 2 adet Enterococcus spp., 3 adet Acinetobacter spp., 8 adet Candida spp., 1 adet Morgarella mongarii, 2 adet Corynebacterium spp., 1 adet Streptococcus pyogenes üzerine gerçekleştirildi. İzolatlara atmosferik basınç soğuk plazma jeti ve plazma ile aktive edilmiş ortam (PAM) uygulandı ve etkinliği araştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışma sonucunda standart bakteri suşlarında Escherichia coli (O157:H7), Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC 13048), Salmonella typhimurium, Rhodococcus equi (ATCC 6939) ve Enterococcus feacalis (ATCC 2912)’e soğuk plazmanın etki ettiği, saha izolatlarından ise Streptococcus pyogenes (A grubuBet) ile Staphylococcus epidermidis’e etki gösterdiği bulundu. Sonuç: Çalışmamız sonucunda atmosferik basınç soğuk plazmanın ve PAM’ın antimikrobiyal etkinliği ortaya konuldu ve bu yönüyle sağlık, gıda ve tarım sektörlerine katkı sağlayacağını düşünmekteyiz.
Ancient Era hospitals “Asclepions” and their heritage to the day
(Mersin Üniversitesi, 2025) Akdoğan, Hayriye Dilek; Turgut, Yaşar Barış; Turgut, Ali Çağlar; Akdoğan, Ilgaz
Asclepios is the god of medicine and health in mythology. In ancient times, healing was sought in the worship of Asclepios. Ancient hospitals built in the name of Asclepios are called “Asclepion”. In ancient times, around three hundred and twenty Asclepions were built within the borders of Greece and Türkiye today. The most important of these ancient hospitals are located in Epidauros, Pergamon, Kos, Athens and Knidos. There was also a health center (an ancient hospital) in Allianoi. In this study, the most significant locations, architectural features, treatment methods, historical and cultural roles of the ancient hospitals among the Asclepions in Western Anatolia and Greece were investigated. When the treatment methods in Asclepions are examined, it is seen that holistic medical practices were applied with a biopsychosocial approach to the patients called guests. Diseases were not seen as one-dimensional but as the result of complex processes and negative environmental, social and psychological interactions. Patients were treated with respect as beings with mental, ethical, emotional, social, moral and natural characteristics. Centuries earlier in Asclepions, the first functional applications of hospital architecture and individual and holistic medical approaches are seen. We think that today's hospital architecture and treatment approaches have many features that can be learned from the heritage of ancient hospitals in history.
tVNS alters inflammatory response in adult VPA-induced mouse model of autism: evidence for sexual dimorphism
(Wiley, 2025) Dagidir, Hale Gok; Bukan, Neslihan; Bahcelioglu, Meltem; Calikusu, Aysen; Alim, Ece; Dizakar, Saadet Özen; Topa, Elif
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with limited treatment alternatives and which incidence is increasing. Some research suggests that vagus nerve simulation might lead to the reduction of certain symptom. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effect of bilateral transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) on the inflammatory response in an adult valproic acid (VPA) induced mouse (C57BL6) model of autism for the first time. The autism model was induced by oral VPA administration (600 mgkg(-1)) to C57BL/6 pregnant mice on E12.5 days. The study included three groups: the VPA Transcutaneous Auricular Stimulation Group (VPA + tVNS), the VPA Control Group (VPA + sham), and the Healthy Control Group (Control + sham). Each group included 16 mice (8 M/8 F). Our results show that serum IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in male VPA-exposed mice than controls. However, IL-1 beta was significantly lower, and IL-6, TNF- alpha, and IL-22 were not different in female VPA-exposed mice compared to the control group. Brain NLRP3 levels were significantly higher in both sexes in the VPA autism model (P < 0.05). tVNS application increased brain NLRP3 levels in both sexes and reduced serum IL-1 beta levels in male mice. We conclude that cytokine dysregulation is associated with the VPA-induced adult autism model, and the inflammatory response is more pronounced in male mice. tVNS application altered the inflammatory response and increased brain NLPR3 levels in both sexes. Further studies are needed to understand the beneficial or detrimental role of the inflammatory response in autism and its sexual dimorphism.
Expression levels of tam receptors and ligands in the testes of rats exposed to short and middle-term 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation
(Wiley, 2024) Katirci, Ertan; Kirimlioglu, Esma; Oflamaz, Asli O.; Hidişoğlu, Enis; Cernomorcenco, Alexandra; Yargicoglu, Piraye; Ozen, Sukru
With advances in technology, the emission of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) into the environment, particularly from mobile devices, has become a growing concern. Tyro 3, Axl, and Mer (TAM) receptors and their ligands are essential for spermatogenesis and testosterone production. RFR has been shown to induce testicular cell apoptosis by causing inflammation and disrupting homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the role of TAM receptors and ligands in the maintenance of homeostasis and elimination of apoptotic cells in the testes (weeks), short-term sham exposure (sham/1 week), and middle-term sham exposure (sham/10 weeks). Testicular morphology was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining, while immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess expression levels of TAM receptors and ligands in the testes of all groups. The results showed that testicular morphology was normal in the control, sham/1 week, and sham/10 weeks groups. However, abnormal processes of spermatogenesis and seminiferous tubule morphology were observed in RFR exposure groups. Cleaved Caspase 3 immunoreactivity showed statistically significant difference in 1 and 10 weeks exposure groups compared to control group. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the immunoreactivity of Tyro 3, Axl, Mer, Gas 6, and Pros 1 between groups. Moreover, Tyro 3 expression in Sertoli cells was statistically significantly increased in RFR exposure groups compared to the control. Taken together, the results suggest that RFR exposure negatively affects TAM signalling, preventing the clearance of apoptotic cells, and this process may lead to infection and inflammation. As a result, rat testicular morphology and function may be impaired. Exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) disrupts normal seminiferous tubule morphology. RFR exposure in round spermatids may induce apoptosis independent of Tyro 3, Axl, and Mer (TAM) receptors. TAM receptors and ligands are expressed in rat testis.
AGK2, a SIRT2 inhibitor, ameliorates D-galactose-induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting fibrogenic factors
(Wiley, 2024) Bahar, Asli Nur; Keskin-Aktan, Arzu; Akarca-Dizakar, Saadet Özen; Sonugur, Gizem; Akbulut, Kazime Gonca
In our study, we aimed to investigate the effect of SIRT2 inhibition on function, fibrosis and inflammation in liver fibrosis induced by D-Galactose (D-Gal) administration. A total of 32 3-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into 4 groups as Control, d-Gal, Solvent+d-Gal, d-Gal+AGK2+Solvent. d-Gal (150 mg/kg/day), AGK-2 (10 mu M/bw) as a specific SIRT2 inhibitor, 4%DMSO + PBS as a solvent was applied to the experimental groups and physiological saline was applied to the control group for 10 weeks. All applications were performed subcutaneously. Histological fibrotic changes were studied in the liver tissues by Masson's trichrome staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry and the levels of selected factors were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical analysis. Biochemical parameters and Paraoxonase levels were determined in the plasma. d-Galactose administration increased AST, AST-ALT Ratio, APRI, SIRT2 protein expression, IL1 beta, TGF beta, beta-catenin, Type I collagen, Type III collagen and alpha-SMA, collagen fiber density and histopathological score. ALT and lipid panels were not changed and paraxonase plasma level was shown to decrease. These effects were largely blocked by the SIRT2 inhibitor AGK2. These findings suggest that SIRT2 inhibition attenuates d-Gal-induced liver injury and that this protection may be due to its antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory activities.
Using photogrammetry to analyze anatomical changes in the nipple in juvenile and adolescent scoliosis patients
(Springer, 2024) Duygu, Özden Bedre; Govsa, Figen; Bicer, Ahmet
BackgroundThe need for an objective set of anterior trunk measurements, such as nipple and clavicular shoulder joints, is essential to quantify the anterior asymmetry present in scoliosis. This study aims to characterize breast asymmetry (BA) in young individuals with scoliosis using photogrammetry.MethodsDigital photographs of the anterior trunk of the 51 scoliosis patients aged 4-20 years were taken from an anterior perspective. These images were then transferred to a computer. Ten parameters were measured using the ImageJ software. The positions of patients' nipples were classified into 6 types based on ratios on the x-axis.ResultsThe majority of patients had a right breast that was larger, intensifying the apparent BA due to trunk rotation. The apical vertebra level in patients was found at T8 in 23.6% and T9 in 45.1%. In 92.5% of the patients, the right breast was consistently larger. The lengths between the lateral boundaries and nipples of the right and left breasts and between the medial boundary and nipple of the right breast were statistically significantly higher in males than in females (p<0.05). Significant differences were found when comparing the values of the lengths between the medial boundaries and nipples of the right and left breasts, the difference in length between the right and left acromioclavicular joint lines, and the angles of the nipple and acromioclavicular joint with the degrees of scoliosis in juvenile and adolescents (p<0.05). Pearson regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between BA differences and the Cobb angle with a correlation coefficient of 0.901. Factors related to breast aesthetics, like differences in the height of nipples and the distance from the sternal notch to the nipple, represent 30% of the overall score.ConclusionThe study concluded that there is a significant correlation between the severity of scoliosis and BA differences. Augmentation mammaplasty for BA not only decreased the breast difference but also leveled the nipple disparities. Photogrammetry is considered to be an alternative to other methods and is believed to contribute to the follow-up of BA.Level of Evidence IVThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Exploring the lacrimal sac fossa: anatomical insights for optimizing external dacryocystorhinostomy
(Springer France, 2025) Duygu, Özden Bedre; Govsa, Figen; Pinar, Yelda; Öner, Zülal
BackgroundExternal dacryocystorhinostomy is considered the gold standard for treating epiphora resulting from nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Despite the success of the procedure, a visible facial skin scar often undermines the surgical outcome. The aim of this study is to prevent visible facial scarring following oculoplastic interventions by improving the insight into the anatomical details of the lacrimal sac fossa (LSF), lacrimo-maxillary suture (LMS), periosteum, and lacrimal diaphragm.MethodsThe study examined the medial canthal region of eighty adult male sspecimens to investigate the landmarks associated with the LSF. The periorbital area was dissected to reveal the skin, subcutaneous tissues, orbicularis oculi muscles, and the lacrimal drainage system, all of which were detached from their bony attachments. The lengths of the lacrimal crests, midline length, midline width, dorsolateral angle, composition of the LMS, and area of the LSF were evaluated using the ImageJ program. The LSF was categorized into six distinct shapes: ellipsoid, oval, inverted pear, straight pear, oblique hammer, and quadrangular.ResultsThe measurements of the anterior lacrimal crest averaged 2.2 +/- 0.4 cm, the posterior edge 2.0 +/- 0.4 cm, and the midline 1.9 +/- 0.3 cm. The area of the LSF was found to be 1.4 +/- 0.5 cm(2). The analysis reveals that about half of the LSF consists of equal parts maxillary and lacrimal bones. The dorsolateral angle values where the maxilla and os lacrimale equally contributed to the structure of the LSF were higher than those completely formed by the maxilla. The shapes of the LSF were classified as ellipsoid (35%), oblique hammer (21.3%), oval (13.7%), inverted pear (15%), with the ellipsoid type being the most frequent. The anterior lacrimal crest length of the oval-shaped LSF was shorter than that of the oblique hammer-shaped LSF. Similarly, the posterior lacrimal crest of the oval-shaped LSF was shorter than that of the oblique hammer-shaped LSF. The midline length of ellipsoid, oval, and inverted pear-shaped LSFs was shorter than that of oblique hammer-shaped LSFs.ConclusionThe length of anterior lacrimal crest and LMS are suggested as the most reliable navigational references for locating the type of LSF. Mastery of the transversal and vertical orientation of the LSF is essential for surgeons performing oculoplastic surgeries tailored to individual anatomical variations. This study is clinically valuable as it underscores the necessity for oculoplastic surgeons to adapt surgical techniques in response to anatomical differences encountered during surgery.
S-Sulfocysteine's toxic effects on HT-22 cells are not triggered by glutamate receptors, nor do they involve apoptotic or genotoxicity mechanisms
(Springer, 2025) Tekin, Volkan; Altintas, Fatih; Oymak, Burak; Unal, Egem Burcu; Tunc-Ata, Melek; Elmas, Levent; Kucukatay, Vural
S-Sulfocysteine (SSC) is a metabolite derived from the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. It has been implicated in neurotoxicity observed in children with sulfite oxidase deficiency. The aim of our study was to confirm the neurotoxic effects of SSC using a mouse hippocampal cell line (HT-22) and to investigate the role of apoptosis in these effects, especially in terms of caspase-3 activation and genotoxicity. Based on the viability graph obtained following increasing concentrations of SSC, we determined the LC50 dose of SSC to be 125 mu M by probit analysis. The cytotoxic effects of SSC were not reversed by glutamate receptor blocker administration. However, SSC treatment did not induce caspase-3 activation or induce DNA damage. Our results showed that SSC has a cytotoxic effect on neurons like glutamate, but glutamate receptor blockers reversed glutamate-induced toxicity, while these blockers did not protect neurons from SSC toxicity. The absence of caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation, which are indicative of apoptosis, in SSC-induced cell death suggests that alternative cell death pathways, such as necrosis and oxytosis may be implicated. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate SSC-induced cell death. The aim of our study was to confirm the neurotoxic effects of SSC using a mouse hippocampal cell line (HT-22) and to investigate the role of apoptosis in these effects, especially in terms of caspase-3 activation and genotoxicity.
Investigation of the relationship between inflammation and microbiota in the intestinal tissue of female and male rats fed with fructose: Modulatory role of metformin
(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2024) Bugdayci, Azimet Yalcin; Dizakar, Saadet Özen Akarca; Demirel, Muerside Ayse; Omeroglu, Suna; Akar, Fatma; Uludag, Mecit Orhan
Background It has been reported that High-Fructose (HF) consumption, considered one of the etiological factors of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), causes changes in the gut microbiota and metabolic disorders. There is limited knowledge on the effects of metformin in HF-induced intestinal irregularities in male and female rats with MetS. Objectives In this study, we investigated the sex-dependent effects of metformin treatment on the gut microbiota, intestinal Tight Junction (TJ) proteins, and inflammation parameters in HF-induced MetS. Methods Fructose was given to the male and female rats as a 20% solution in drinking water for 15 weeks. Metformin (200 mg/kg) was administered by gastric tube once a day during the final seven weeks. Biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and bioinformatics analyses were performed. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results The metformin treatment in fructose-fed rats promoted glucose, insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR), and Triglyceride (TG) values in both sexes. The inflammation score was significantly decreased with metformin treatment in fructose-fed male and female rats (p < 0.05). Moreover, metformin treatment significantly decreased Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1 beta) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-alpha) in ileum tissue from fructose-fed males (p < 0.05). Intestinal immunoreactivity of Occludin and Claudin-1 was increased with metformin treatment in fructose-fed female rats. HF and metformin treatment changed the gut microbial composition. Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio increased with HF in females. In the disease group, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum; in the treatment group, Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus reuteri are the prominent species in both sexes. When the male and female groups were compared, Akkermansia muciniphila was prominent in the male treatment group. Conclusion In conclusion, metformin treatment promoted biochemical parameters in both sexes of fructose-fed rats. Metformin showed a sex-dependent effect on inflammation parameters, permeability factors, and gut microbiota. Metformin has partly modulatory effects on fructose-induced intestinal changes.
The effects of the urotensin-II receptor antagonist palosuran treatment on the corpora cavernosa of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
(Elsevier Singapore Pte Ltd, 2025) Olukman, Murat; Can, Cenk; Ulker, Sibel; Uyanikgil, Yigit; Çavuşoğlu, Türker; Duzenli, Neslihan; Coskunsever, Deniz
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of treatment with palosuran, a urotensin receptor blocker, on molecular changes in the corpora cavernosa (CC) in diabetic rats. Methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with palosuran 300 mg/kg per day for 6 weeks. Contraction of CC induced by potassium chloride, phenylephrine, and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and relaxation of CC induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent stimuli, respectively), and Y-27632 (Rho-kinase inhibitor) were examined in organ baths. Direct contraction or relaxation induced by palosuran and urotensin-II (U-II) were also evaluated. The expression levels of nitric oxide synthetases (NOSs), RhoA, oxidative stress regulators, and U-II were analyzed by Western blotting or immunohistochemistry. Results: Induction of diabetes in rats resulted in the decreased relaxant response to SNP, decreased pD2 value of SNP, attenuated relaxant response to Y-27632 as well as the decreased RhoA expression in CC. Palosuran treatment of diabetic rats reversed all of these parameters; however, it further impaired the already weakened relaxation of diabetic CC in response to EFS. Although induction of diabetes did not change U-II expression in CC significantly, palosuran treatment reduced U-II expression in diabetic CC. The expression level of nNOS was lowered in diabetic CC; however, palosuran treatment did not change the decreased the neuronal NOS expression. In vitro exposure of diabetic CC strips to palosuran produced a direct relaxant response. Conclusion: Palosuran treatment did not affect the expression of NOSs or reduce nitrergic conduction induced by EFS stimulation in diabetic CC. However, while directly triggering a relaxant response, it did not induce a prominent contraction either by decreasing U-II expression, or increasing the sensitivity of CC to nitric oxide which suggested that palosuran has the potential to support erectile function. Further and comprehensive studies are required to clarify this issue. (c) 2025 Editorial Office of Asian Journal of Urology. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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