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Öğe Evaluation of hand morphometry in healthy young individuals from different countries(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2024) Sahin, Necati Emre; Bakici, Rukiye Sumeyye; Toy, Seyma; Öner, ZülalThis study aims to examine the hand morphometry of healthy young individuals from different countries and investigate the differences between countries in typing of hand based on the morphometric values obtained. In the study, 16 different parameters, including two surface areas and 14 lengths, were measured from the right hand of 579 volunteers (250 females, 329 males) from 7 different countries (Turkey, Chad, Morocco, Gabon, Kazakhstan, Senegal and Syria). Factor analysis was performed on the parameters, cluster analysis was performed according to the factor score obtained, and the hand types in the study were determined. As a result of the study, four different hand types were defined, and the distribution of these types according to countries was analyzed. All parameters showed significant differences between countries in both genders (p<0.05). According to the results of the study, there was a difference between male and female hand types between countries. In females, the type 1 hand type was found only in Gabon, the type 2 hand type was found only in Senegal, the type 3 hand type was found in Turkey, Morocco and Kazakhstan, while the type 4 hand type was significantly distributed in Senegal and Gabon (X-2 =104.62; df=18, p<0.05). In males, type 1 hand type was found in Turkey, type 2 hand type in Senegal and Gabon, type 3 hand type in Turkey, while type 4 hand type was significantly distributed in Morocco and Kazakhstan (X-2 =76.964; df=18, p<0.05).Öğe The effect of calorie restriction on testicular tissue during aging process -2(Wiley, 2025) Toker, Esra; Coskun, Ayca; Aktan, Arzu Keskin; Dizakar, Saadet Özen Akarca; Akbulut, Kazime Gonca[No abstract available]Öğe The effect of calorie restriction on testicular tissue during aging process(Wiley, 2025) Toker, Esra; Coskun, Ayca; Aktan, Arzu Keskin; Dizakar, Saadet Özen Akarca; Akbulut, Kazime Gonca[No abstract available]Öğe tVNS alters inflammatory response in adult VPA-induced mouse model of autism: evidence for sexual dimorphism(Wiley, 2025) Dagidir, Hale Gok; Bukan, Neslihan; Bahcelioglu, Meltem; Calikusu, Aysen; Alim, Ece; Dizakar, Saadet Özen; Topa, ElifAutism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with limited treatment alternatives and which incidence is increasing. Some research suggests that vagus nerve simulation might lead to the reduction of certain symptom. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effect of bilateral transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) on the inflammatory response in an adult valproic acid (VPA) induced mouse (C57BL6) model of autism for the first time. The autism model was induced by oral VPA administration (600 mgkg(-1)) to C57BL/6 pregnant mice on E12.5 days. The study included three groups: the VPA Transcutaneous Auricular Stimulation Group (VPA + tVNS), the VPA Control Group (VPA + sham), and the Healthy Control Group (Control + sham). Each group included 16 mice (8 M/8 F). Our results show that serum IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in male VPA-exposed mice than controls. However, IL-1 beta was significantly lower, and IL-6, TNF- alpha, and IL-22 were not different in female VPA-exposed mice compared to the control group. Brain NLRP3 levels were significantly higher in both sexes in the VPA autism model (P < 0.05). tVNS application increased brain NLRP3 levels in both sexes and reduced serum IL-1 beta levels in male mice. We conclude that cytokine dysregulation is associated with the VPA-induced adult autism model, and the inflammatory response is more pronounced in male mice. tVNS application altered the inflammatory response and increased brain NLPR3 levels in both sexes. Further studies are needed to understand the beneficial or detrimental role of the inflammatory response in autism and its sexual dimorphism.Öğe AGK2, a SIRT2 inhibitor, ameliorates D-galactose-induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting fibrogenic factors(Wiley, 2024) Bahar, Asli Nur; Keskin-Aktan, Arzu; Akarca-Dizakar, Saadet Özen; Sonugur, Gizem; Akbulut, Kazime GoncaIn our study, we aimed to investigate the effect of SIRT2 inhibition on function, fibrosis and inflammation in liver fibrosis induced by D-Galactose (D-Gal) administration. A total of 32 3-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into 4 groups as Control, d-Gal, Solvent+d-Gal, d-Gal+AGK2+Solvent. d-Gal (150 mg/kg/day), AGK-2 (10 mu M/bw) as a specific SIRT2 inhibitor, 4%DMSO + PBS as a solvent was applied to the experimental groups and physiological saline was applied to the control group for 10 weeks. All applications were performed subcutaneously. Histological fibrotic changes were studied in the liver tissues by Masson's trichrome staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry and the levels of selected factors were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical analysis. Biochemical parameters and Paraoxonase levels were determined in the plasma. d-Galactose administration increased AST, AST-ALT Ratio, APRI, SIRT2 protein expression, IL1 beta, TGF beta, beta-catenin, Type I collagen, Type III collagen and alpha-SMA, collagen fiber density and histopathological score. ALT and lipid panels were not changed and paraxonase plasma level was shown to decrease. These effects were largely blocked by the SIRT2 inhibitor AGK2. These findings suggest that SIRT2 inhibition attenuates d-Gal-induced liver injury and that this protection may be due to its antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory activities.Öğe Using photogrammetry to analyze anatomical changes in the nipple in juvenile and adolescent scoliosis patients(Springer, 2024) Duygu, Özden Bedre; Govsa, Figen; Bicer, AhmetBackgroundThe need for an objective set of anterior trunk measurements, such as nipple and clavicular shoulder joints, is essential to quantify the anterior asymmetry present in scoliosis. This study aims to characterize breast asymmetry (BA) in young individuals with scoliosis using photogrammetry.MethodsDigital photographs of the anterior trunk of the 51 scoliosis patients aged 4-20 years were taken from an anterior perspective. These images were then transferred to a computer. Ten parameters were measured using the ImageJ software. The positions of patients' nipples were classified into 6 types based on ratios on the x-axis.ResultsThe majority of patients had a right breast that was larger, intensifying the apparent BA due to trunk rotation. The apical vertebra level in patients was found at T8 in 23.6% and T9 in 45.1%. In 92.5% of the patients, the right breast was consistently larger. The lengths between the lateral boundaries and nipples of the right and left breasts and between the medial boundary and nipple of the right breast were statistically significantly higher in males than in females (p<0.05). Significant differences were found when comparing the values of the lengths between the medial boundaries and nipples of the right and left breasts, the difference in length between the right and left acromioclavicular joint lines, and the angles of the nipple and acromioclavicular joint with the degrees of scoliosis in juvenile and adolescents (p<0.05). Pearson regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between BA differences and the Cobb angle with a correlation coefficient of 0.901. Factors related to breast aesthetics, like differences in the height of nipples and the distance from the sternal notch to the nipple, represent 30% of the overall score.ConclusionThe study concluded that there is a significant correlation between the severity of scoliosis and BA differences. Augmentation mammaplasty for BA not only decreased the breast difference but also leveled the nipple disparities. Photogrammetry is considered to be an alternative to other methods and is believed to contribute to the follow-up of BA.Level of Evidence IVThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.Öğe Investigation of the relationship between inflammation and microbiota in the intestinal tissue of female and male rats fed with fructose: Modulatory role of metformin(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2024) Bugdayci, Azimet Yalcin; Dizakar, Saadet Özen Akarca; Demirel, Muerside Ayse; Omeroglu, Suna; Akar, Fatma; Uludag, Mecit OrhanBackground It has been reported that High-Fructose (HF) consumption, considered one of the etiological factors of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), causes changes in the gut microbiota and metabolic disorders. There is limited knowledge on the effects of metformin in HF-induced intestinal irregularities in male and female rats with MetS. Objectives In this study, we investigated the sex-dependent effects of metformin treatment on the gut microbiota, intestinal Tight Junction (TJ) proteins, and inflammation parameters in HF-induced MetS. Methods Fructose was given to the male and female rats as a 20% solution in drinking water for 15 weeks. Metformin (200 mg/kg) was administered by gastric tube once a day during the final seven weeks. Biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and bioinformatics analyses were performed. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results The metformin treatment in fructose-fed rats promoted glucose, insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR), and Triglyceride (TG) values in both sexes. The inflammation score was significantly decreased with metformin treatment in fructose-fed male and female rats (p < 0.05). Moreover, metformin treatment significantly decreased Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1 beta) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-alpha) in ileum tissue from fructose-fed males (p < 0.05). Intestinal immunoreactivity of Occludin and Claudin-1 was increased with metformin treatment in fructose-fed female rats. HF and metformin treatment changed the gut microbial composition. Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio increased with HF in females. In the disease group, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum; in the treatment group, Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus reuteri are the prominent species in both sexes. When the male and female groups were compared, Akkermansia muciniphila was prominent in the male treatment group. Conclusion In conclusion, metformin treatment promoted biochemical parameters in both sexes of fructose-fed rats. Metformin showed a sex-dependent effect on inflammation parameters, permeability factors, and gut microbiota. Metformin has partly modulatory effects on fructose-induced intestinal changes.Öğe The effects of the urotensin-II receptor antagonist palosuran treatment on the corpora cavernosa of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats(Elsevier Singapore Pte Ltd, 2025) Olukman, Murat; Can, Cenk; Ulker, Sibel; Uyanikgil, Yigit; Çavuşoğlu, Türker; Duzenli, Neslihan; Coskunsever, DenizObjective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of treatment with palosuran, a urotensin receptor blocker, on molecular changes in the corpora cavernosa (CC) in diabetic rats. Methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with palosuran 300 mg/kg per day for 6 weeks. Contraction of CC induced by potassium chloride, phenylephrine, and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and relaxation of CC induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent stimuli, respectively), and Y-27632 (Rho-kinase inhibitor) were examined in organ baths. Direct contraction or relaxation induced by palosuran and urotensin-II (U-II) were also evaluated. The expression levels of nitric oxide synthetases (NOSs), RhoA, oxidative stress regulators, and U-II were analyzed by Western blotting or immunohistochemistry. Results: Induction of diabetes in rats resulted in the decreased relaxant response to SNP, decreased pD2 value of SNP, attenuated relaxant response to Y-27632 as well as the decreased RhoA expression in CC. Palosuran treatment of diabetic rats reversed all of these parameters; however, it further impaired the already weakened relaxation of diabetic CC in response to EFS. Although induction of diabetes did not change U-II expression in CC significantly, palosuran treatment reduced U-II expression in diabetic CC. The expression level of nNOS was lowered in diabetic CC; however, palosuran treatment did not change the decreased the neuronal NOS expression. In vitro exposure of diabetic CC strips to palosuran produced a direct relaxant response. Conclusion: Palosuran treatment did not affect the expression of NOSs or reduce nitrergic conduction induced by EFS stimulation in diabetic CC. However, while directly triggering a relaxant response, it did not induce a prominent contraction either by decreasing U-II expression, or increasing the sensitivity of CC to nitric oxide which suggested that palosuran has the potential to support erectile function. Further and comprehensive studies are required to clarify this issue. (c) 2025 Editorial Office of Asian Journal of Urology. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Öğe Glyphosate impairs both structure and function of GABAergic synapses in hippocampal neurons(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Chiantia, Giuseppe; Comai, Debora; Hidişoğlu, Enis; Gurgone, Antonia; Franchino, Claudio; Carabelli, Valentina; Marcantoni, AndreaGlyphosate (Gly) is a broad-spectrum herbicide responsible for the inhibition of the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase known to be expressed exclusively in plants and not in animals. For decades Gly has been thought to be ineffective in mammals, including humans, until it was demonstrated that rodents treated with the Gly-based herbicide Roundup showed reduced content of neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine), increased oxidative stress in the brain associated with anxiety and depression-like behaviors and learning and memory deficits. Despite compelling evidence pointing to a neurotoxic effect of Gly, an in-depth functional description of its effects on synaptic transmission is still lacking. To investigate the synaptic alterations dependent on Gly administration we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and immunocytochemistry on mouse primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Our findings reveal that 30 min incubation of Gly at the acceptable daily intake dose severely impaired inhibitory GABAergic synapses. Further analysis pointed out that Gly decreased the number of postsynaptic GABAA receptors and reduced the amplitude of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents, the readily releasable pool size available for synchronous release and the quantal size. Finally, a decreased number of release sites has been observed. Consistently, morphological analyses showed that the density of both pre- and post-synaptic inhibitory compartments decorating pyramidal cell dendrites was reduced by Gly. In conclusion, our experiments define for the first time the effects induced by Gly on GABAergic synapses, and reveal that Gly significantly impairs both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms.Öğe Transauricular vagal nerve stimulation suppresses inflammatory responses in the gut and brain in an inflammatory bowel disease model(Wiley, 2024) Atalar, Kerem; Alim, Ece; Yigman, Zeynep; Belen, Hayrunnisa Bolay; Erten, Fusun; Sahin, Kazim; Soylu, Ayse; Dizakar, Saadet Özen AkarcaInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a major health problem on a global scale and its treatment is unsatisfactory. We aimed to investigate the effects of transauricular vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) on inflammation in rats with IBD induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). A total of 36 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were given TNBS, or vehicle, and tVNS, or sham, every other day for 30 min for 10 days. Postmortem macroscopic and microscopic colon morphology were evaluated by histological staining. Additionally, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha cytokine levels in the colon and the brain were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis. TNBS induced epithelial damage, inflammation, ulceration, and thickened mucosal layer in the colonic tissues. Administration of tVNS significantly ameliorated the severity of TNBS-induced tissue damage and inflammatory response. TNBS also alters pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory balance in the brain tissue. TVNS application significantly suppressed the protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF- alpha while augmenting the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the colonic and the brain tissue. We have shown that TNBS-mediated colonic inflammation and tissue damage are associated with neuroinflammatory responses in the brain tissue. Also demonstrated for the first time that neuroinflammatory response in the gut-brain axis is suppressed by tVNS in the IBD model. Non-invasive tVNS stands out as a new potential treatment option for types of IBD.Öğe Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of scabies(Wiley, 2024) Uzun, Soner; Durdu, Murat; Yurekli, Aslan; Mulayim, Mehmet K.; Akyol, Melih; Velipasaoglu, Sevtap; Harman, Mehmet; Zorbozan, OrçunScabies, caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis mite burrowing into the skin, is a highly contagious disease characterized by intense nocturnal itching. Its global impact is considerable, affecting more than 200 million individuals annually and posing significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Transmission occurs primarily through direct skin-to-skin contact, contributing to its widespread prevalence and emergence as a substantial public health concern affecting large populations. This review presents consensus-based clinical practice guidelines for diagnosing and managing scabies, developed through the fuzzy Delphi method by dermatology, parasitology, pediatrics, pharmacology, and public health experts. The presence of burrows containing adult female mites, their eggs, and excreta is the diagnostic hallmark of scabies. Definitive diagnosis typically involves direct microscopic examination of skin scrapings obtained from these burrows, although dermoscopy has become a diagnostic tool in clinical practice. Treatment modalities encompass topical agents, such as permethrin, balsam of Peru, precipitated sulfur, and benzyl benzoate. In cases where topical therapy proves inadequate or in instances of crusted scabies, oral ivermectin is recommended as a systemic treatment option. This comprehensive approach addresses the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with scabies, optimizing patient care, and management outcomes.Öğe Does COVID-19 infection alter serum biochemical and hematological biomarkers in deceased dementia patients?(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2024) Aydemir, Duygu; Yucel, Muammer; Köseoğlu, Mehmet Hicri; Ulusu, Nuriye NurayObjectives The elderly population is categorized as a risk group for COVID-19 infection, and dementia is the primary cause of disability in elderly individuals and affects 70 % of the elderly population. In this study, we evaluated the blood and serum biomarkers of deceased dementia patients infected by COVID-19 compared to the survived dementia and non-dementia patients.Methods Laboratory biomarkers of 11 dementia patients infected by COVID-19 have been used for this study. The five patients' serum biochemistry and blood data were compared with the six patients who died because of COVID-19. Additionally, data from nine patients aged 85-96 infected with COVID-19 without dementia have been used to compare the difference between dementia and non-dementia individuals.Results D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), troponin, procalcitonin, red cell distribution width (RDW), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEU) and %NEU levels significantly increased in the deceased dementia patients compared to the survived and non-dementia individuals. Calcium (Ca), hematocrit (HCT), red blood cells (RBC), lymphocyte (%LYM), monocyte %MONO, and basophil (%BASO) levels significantly decreased in the deceased dementia patients compared to the survived and non-dementia individuals infected by COVID-19.Conclusions Serum biochemistry and hematological biomarkers, including D-dimer, CRP, glucose, ALT, AST, BUN, troponin, procalcitonin, RDW, RBC, WBC, NEU, %NEU, Ca, HCT, %LYM, %MONO, and %BASO were significantly altered in deceased dementia patients infected by COVID-19 compared to the survived individuals.Öğe Comparison of the effects of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) and alendronate sodium on tibial fracture healing in rats: an experimental study(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2024) Tepedelenlioglu, Huseyin Emre; Abduelaliyev, Ferid; Ahmadov, Asim; Dizakar, Saadet Özen Akarca; Ozogul, Candan; Esen, ErdincPurpose:The objective of this study is to compare the effects of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) on bone healing with those of alendronate, a bisphosphonate widely used in practice.Materials and Methods:An iatrogenic fracture was created in the tibial shaft of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats with osteotome and fixed with an intramedullary Kirschner wire (K-wire). After surgery, Group 1 was given 0.2 mg/kg/day of oral alendronate sodium on postoperative Day 1 to 28, Group 2 received a single dose of 0.5 mg/kg of intraosseous rhEGF on postoperative Days 1 and 14, and Group 3 was followed for a total of four weeks with oral saline. At the end of Week 4, the animals were euthanized and the lower extremities were removed by stripping the soft tissues without damaging the callus. Tissue samples of groups were prepared and and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. After staining, histological scoring was performed to evaluate the degree of union.Results: Alendronate sodium group demonstrated a mean histological score of 6.95 +/- 1.28. The rhEGF group had a lower mean score of 4.85 +/- 1.66. The placebo group exhibited the least progress in bone healing with a mean score of 4.10 +/- 1.68. The histological score was significantly higher in the alendronate sodium group compared to both the rhEGF and placebo groups. There was also a statistically significant difference between the rhEGF and placebo groups in terms of scores. Conclusion: Alendronate sodium enhanced fracture healing processes in rats. The role of rhEGF in bone healing requires further exploration. As the understanding of bisphosphonates and growth factors in bone healing evolves, the strategies for optimizing patient care in orthopedic settings are expected to be developed.Öğe Gender prediction using geometric morphometry with parameters of the cranium obtained from computed tomography images(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2024) Secgin, Yusuf; Öner, Zülal; Öner, Serkan; Toy, SeymaPurpose:The gender difference of the cranium skeleton is of great importance in forensic anthropology and forensic medicine sciences. This study is based on this hypothesis and the gender prediction rate was obtained by processing cranium images obtained from computed tomography (CT) using geometric morphometry.Materials and Methods:CT images of 200 individuals between the ages of 25 and 65 were used in our study. The images were opened at the personal workstation Horos Medical Image Viewer (Version 3.0, USA) program and processed with 3D Curved Multiplanar Reconstruction (MPR). The line passing through the nasion and inion points of the images obtained as a result of the process was determined, and all images were brought to the orthogonal plane. Later, the images were overlapped and saved in JPEG format with 100% magnification. JPEG images saved were converted into TPS format, and 21 homologous landmarks were placed. Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied to thecoordinates of landmarks, and shape variations and dimensionality were corrected by gathering the images to the center of gravity. Next, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was applied to the coordinates, the dimensionality of which was corrected. Results:The study found that 74.465% of the coordinates of 21 homologous landmarks gathered to the center of gravity could be explained with the first three PCs. As a result of the LDA applied to these coordinates, a gender prediction rate of 86.5% was obtained.In addition, a slight difference was found between the GPA sum of squares and the tangent sum of squares (0.57). Conclusion:The images of the cranium obtained from CT showed a high dimorphism by geometric morphometry analysisÖğe Protective effect of astaxanthin on histopathologic changes induced by bisphenol a in the liver of rats(Univ Agriculture, Fac Veterinary Science, 2024) Karabekir, Seda Çetinkaya; Gultekin, Burcu; Ayan, Ilknur Cinar; Savas, Hasan Basri; Cuce, Gokhan; Kalkan, SerpilBisphenol A (BPA) has several potential uses, including in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, which could expose humans to it. Recognized for its hepatotoxicity and ability to accumulate in organs. We prompted this study to explore the hepatoprotective potential of astaxanthin (ASTX), an antioxidant against BPA toxicity. We used 32 male Wistar Albino rats and randomly assigned them as: Control, Sham (olive oil), BPA, and BPA+ASTX. At the end of the experiment, Native Thiol, Total Thiol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured in serum samples. Histopathological scoring was performed to evaluate the changes caused by ASTX in the liver. Caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression in liver tissues was demonstrated immunohistochemically and by PCR. Collagen I (COL1A1) and collagen III (COL3A1) mRNA levels were measured by PCR in the tissue samples. The BPA group showed elevated AST and ALT with decreased Thiol levels. ASTX administration reversed these changes as observed by reduced AST and ALT levels and increased Thiol levels. Histopathology indicated increased liver damage and fibrosis in the BPA group which were alleviated in the BPA+ASTX group. Gene expression analyses revealed upregulated COL1A1 and COL3A1 in BPA, which was downregulated with ASTX. Immunohistochemistry and PCR confirmed BPA-induced caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression, which were attenuated by ASTX. This study underscores ASTX's hepatoprotective efficacy against BPA-induced hepatotoxicity which ultimately attributed to its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. Consequently, ASTX emerges as a promising therapeutic agent for preventing and treating BPA-related liver diseases.Öğe The Urogenital System Microbiota: Is It a New Gamechanger in Urogenital Cancers?(MDPI, 2025) Ece, Guelfem; Aktas, Ahmet; Caner, Ayse; Saglik, Imran; Kula Atik, Tugba; Bagci, Ozlem Ulusan; Bayindir Bilman, FulyaThe human microbiome, which encompasses microbial communities and their genetic material, significantly influences health and disease, including cancer. The urogenital microbiota, naturally present in the urinary and genital tracts, interact with factors such as age, lifestyle, and health conditions to affect homeostasis and carcinogenesis. Studies suggest that alterations in this microbiota contribute to the development and progression of genitourinary cancers, emphasizing the concept of oncobiome, which refers to microbial genetic contributions to cancer. Similarly, gut microbiota can influence hormone levels and systemic inflammation, impacting cancers such as cervical and prostate cancer. Advanced studies indicate that microbial communities in genitourinary cancers have distinct profiles that may serve as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Dysbiosis of the urinary microbiota correlates with bladder and kidney cancer. Additionally, gut microbiota influence the effectiveness of cancer treatments. However, further research is necessary to clarify causality, the role of microbial metabolites, and hormonal regulation. The aim of this review is to understand that these dynamics present opportunities for innovative cancer diagnostics and therapies, highlighting the need for integration of microbiology, oncology, and genomics to explore the role of microbiota in genitourinary cancers. For this, a comprehensive search of relevant databases was conducted, applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify studies examining the association between microbiota and urogenital cancers. Research into the mechanisms by which microbiota influence urogenital cancers may pave the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, ultimately improving patient outcomes.Öğe A meta-analysis assessing the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on MCF7 breast cancer cells(Spandidos Publ Ltd, 2024) Konuk, Elçin YenidünyaThe present study summarizes the current available literature regarding the viability of MCF7 breast cancer cells treated with gold (Au), silver (Ag) or zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles at varying doses for 48 h. The data for this study were obtained from diverse research articles published between 2013 and 2023 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. The evaluation focused on 20 PRISMA-compliant articles concerning MCF7 cells, yielding 137 outcome measures for meta-analysis. A generalized linear mixed model meta-analysis approach was employed to glean insights into the effects of novel nanoparticles on MCF7 breast cancer cells. The analysis covered a wide range of concentrations: Ag nanoparticles from 1.25 to 1,000 mu g/ml, Au nanoparticles from 50 to 150 mu g/ml, and ZnO nanoparticles from 1 to 1,000 mu g/ml. Both intra-nanoparticle and inter-nanoparticle comparisons were conducted to detect differences. The findings showed that when concentrations reached or exceeded 60 mu g/ml, considerable variation of cell viability was observed: Treatment with Ag nanoparticles resulted in cell viability ranging from 9 to 45%, ZnO nanoparticles resulted in cell viability ranging from 20 to 40%, and Au nanoparticles resulted in cell viability ranging from 3 to 58%. These findings indicated the significance of thoroughly exploring nanoparticle dosage to acquire a comprehensive understanding of their influence on cell viability.Öğe Vitamin D levels and their relationship with ambulation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(Galenos Publ House, 2024) Sertpoyraz, Filiz Meryem; Arslan, Fatma DemetObjective: Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that exerts many effects on human health. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons. This can result in a number of complications, including muscle weakness, spasticity, difficulty swallowing, speech disturbances, and, in some cases, respiratory failure. A number of studies have reported an association between vitamin D and various neurological diseases. This study aimed to assess vitamin D levels in patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and compare them with those of a control group comprising healthy individuals. In addition, the correlation between vitamin D levels and functional ambulation levels will be examined. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving 29 male and female patients diagnosed with definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using the El Escorial criteria and 28 healthy controls from the physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic of medicine. The medical records of the patients were consulted to obtain relevant demographic, clinical, and vitamin D levels. Subsequently, vitamin D levels were compared with those of healthy controls. Results: The results are presented in the following section. The mean vitamin D level observed in the patient group with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was 20.21 +/- 9.53, while in the healthy control group, it was 26.69 +/- 8.90. A statistically significant difference in vitamin D levels was observed between the two groups (p=0.034). No correlation was observed between patients' ambulation levels and vitamin D levels (p=0.202). Conclusion: It can be concluded that patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are at risk of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. It is therefore recommended that regular vitamin D levels are measured and treatment plans are developed for these patients.Öğe Evaluation of congenital rib anomalies with multi-detector computed tomography in the Turkish population(Via Medica, 2024) Öner, Zülal; Öner, Serkan; Sahin, Necati Emre; Cay, MahmutBackground: This study aimed to evaluate the congenital anomalies of ribs in the Turkish population using multi-detector computed tomography (CT) and to reveal the prevalence and distribution of these anomalies according to sexes and body sides. Materials and methods: This study included 1120 individuals (592 male, 528 female) over 18 who presented to our hospital with a suspicion of COVID-19 and who had thoracic CT. Anomalies such as a bifid rib, cervical rib, fused rib, Srb anomaly, foramen rib, hypoplastic rib, absent rib, supernumerary rib, pectus carinatum, and pectus excavatum, which were previously defined in the literature, were examined. Descriptive statistics were performed with the distribution of anomalies. Comparisons were made between the sexes and body sides. Results: A prevalence of 18.57% rib variation was observed. Females had 1.3 times more variation than males. Although there was a significant difference in the distribution of anomalies by sex (p = 0.000), there was no difference in terms of body side of anomaly (p > 0.05). The most common anomaly was the hypoplastic rib, followed by the absence of a rib. While the incidence of the hypoplastic rib was similar in females and males, 79.07% of the absent ribs was seen in females (p < 0.05). The study also includes a rare case of bilateral first rib foramen. At the same time, this study includes a rare case of rib spurs extending from the left 11(th) rib to the 11(th) intercostal space. Conclusions: This study demonstrates detailed information about congenital rib anomalies in the Turkish population, which may vary between people. Knowing these anomalies is essential for anatomy, radiology, anthropology, and forensic sciences.Öğe Comparison of polymerase chain reaction method with culture method in antenatal Group B Streptococcus screening(Via Medica, 2024) Copur, Dogukan; Ozyurt, Ozlem Koyuncu; Kandemir, Hulya; Özhak, Betil; Ogunc, Dilara; Mendilcioglu, InancObjectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Group BStreptococcus (GBS) colonization in pregnancies between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation and to compare the effectiveness of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with gold standard technique of culture in antenatal GBS screening. Material and methods: Vaginal and rectal swabs of a total of 106 pregnant women between 35th and 37th weeks of gestation, who were admitted to our clinic between January 2022 and August 2022, were evaluated using culture and PCR method. The prevalence of GBS was estimated. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of the PCR method were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of GBS was 10.4% and 21.69% using the culture and PCR method, respectively. Compared to the culture, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of PCR were found to be 100%, 87%, 47%, 100%, and 88%, respectively. Conclusions:This study results suggest that the PCR method is a simple, effective and fast method with high sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV in antenatal GBS screening.
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