Farklı düzeyde entelektüel yetersizliğe sahip çocukların fiziksel uygunluk, fiziksel aktivite ve fonksiyonel bağımsızlık düzeylerinin incelenmesi
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Tarih
2023
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Yayıncı
İzmir Bakırçay Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
AMAÇ: Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı düzeyde entelektüel yetersizliği olan çocukların fiziksel uygunluk, fiziksel aktivite ve fonksiyonel bağımsızlık düzeylerini değerlendirmek ve bu sonuçları sağlıklı yaşıtlarıyla karşılaştırmaktır. GEREÇ-YÖNTEM: Çalışma 8-18 yaşları arasında hafif düzeyde entelektüel yetersizliği olan 30 çocuk, orta düzey entelektüel yetersizliği olan 30 çocuk ve tanılı bir kronik hastalığı olmayan 30 sağlıklı çocuk olmak üzere 3 grup ile gerçekleştirildi. Fiziksel uygunluk komponentlerinden vücut kompozisyonu bel çevresi ölçümü ile, kas kuvveti ayakta uzun atlama testi (UAT) ile, kas enduransı 30-saniye süreli otur kalk testi (30s-OKT) ile, kardiyorespiratuar endurans 6-dakika yürüme testi (6DYT) ile değerlendirildi. Katılımcıların fiziksel aktiviteye katılımı ve fonksiyonel bağımsızlık düzeyleri ise sırasıyla Çocuklar için Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi (PAQ-C, PAQ-A) ve Çocuklar için Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlık Ölçeği (WeeFIM) ile değerlendirildi. Fiziksel uygunluk komponentleri, fiziksel aktivite ve fonksiyonel bağımsızlık düzeyleri 3 grup arasında karşılaştırıldı. BULGULAR: Bel çevresi, orta düzey entelektüel yetersizlik grubunda sağlıklı kontrollere kıyasla daha yüksek olarak ölçüldü (73,17±14,19 cm ve 60,20±9,06 cm; p<0,01). 30s-OKT, orta derecede entelektüel yetersizlik, hafif düzeyde entelektüel yetersizlik ve sağlıklı kontrol grupları arasında anlamlı şekilde farklıydı (p<0,001); sırasıyla, 13,10± 2,20 tekrar, 15,73± 2,18 tekrar ve 19,43± 1,72 tekrar olarak ölçüldü. UAT, orta derecede entelektüel yetersizlik, hafif düzeyde entelektüel yetersizlik ve sağlıklı kontrol grupları arasında anlamlı şekilde farklıydı (p<0,001); sırasıyla, 72,73±12,64 cm, 95,80± 20,24 cm ve 116,83±12,83 cm olarak ölçüldü. 6DYT mesafesi, orta derecede entelektüel yetersizlik, hafif düzeyde entelektüel yetersizlik ve sağlıklı kontrol grupları arasında anlamlı şekilde farklıydı (p<0,001); sırasıyla, 355±43 m, 405±74 m ve 497± 39 m olarak ölçüldü. PAQ fiziksel aktivite düzeyi skoru orta derecede entelektüel yetersizlik, hafif düzeyde entelektüel yetersizlik ve sağlıklı kontrol grupları arasında anlamlı şekilde farklıydı (p<0,001); sırasıyla 1,72±0,17 puan, 2,04±0,43 puan ve 2,66±0,54 puan olarak ölçüldü. Entelektüel yetersizliğe sahip çocuklarda PAQ skoru, UAT (r=0,487), 30s-OKT (r=0,420), 6DYT (r=0,450) ve WeeFIM (r=0,394) skorları ile anlamlı ilişkiye sahipti (p<0,05). Bel çevresi, UAT, 30s-OKT, 6DYT ve PAQ skorunu içeren regresyon modelinde, 30s-OKT'nin WeeFIM total skorunun bağımsız belirleyicisi olduğu saptandı (?=0,322; p=0,042). SONUÇ: Entelektüel yetersizliği olan çocukların fiziksel uygunluk ve fiziksel aktivite seviyeleri sağlıklı akranlarından daha düşüktür; entelektüel yetersizliğin şiddeti arttıkça da etkilenim artmaktadır. Bu çocuklarda fiziksel aktivite düzeyi fiziksel uygunluk ve fonksiyonel bağımsızlık düzeyi ile yakından ilişkilidir. Entelektüel yetersizliğe sahip çocukların erken yaşlardan itibaren fiziksel aktiviteye katılımı teşvik edilmelidir.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the physical fitness, physical activity and functional independence levels of children with different levels of intellectual disability and to compare it to healthy controls. MATERIAL-METHODS: The study was carried out with 3 groups: 30 children with mild intellectual disability, 30 children with moderate intellectual disability, and 30 healthy children aged between 8-18 years. Physical fitness was evaluated over four components; body composition was evaluated with waist circumference, muscle strength with standing long jump test (SLJT), muscle endurance with 30-second sit to stand test (30s-STST), and cardiorespiratory endurance with 6-min walk test (6MWT). Physical activity and functional independence levels were evaluated with Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ) and Functional Independence Scale for Children (WeeFIM), respectively. Physical fitness components and functional independence levels were compared among 3 groups. RESULTS: Waist circumference was higher in the moderate intellectual disability group compared to healthy controls (73.17±14.19 cm vs 60.20±9.06 cm; p<0.01). 30s-STST was significantly different between moderate intellectual disability, mild intellectual disability, and healthy control groups (p<0.001); It was measured as 13.10± 2.20 repetitions, 15.73± 2.18 repetitions and 19.43± 1.72 repetitions, respectively. SLJT was significantly different between moderate intellectual disability, mild intellectual disability, and healthy control groups (p<0.001); It was measured as 72.73±12.64 cm, 95.80± 20.24 cm and 116.83±12.83 cm, respectively. 6MWT distance was significantly different between moderate intellectual disability, mild intellectual disability, and healthy control groups (p<0.001); it was measured as 355±43 m, 405±74 m and 497±39 m, respectively. PAQ physical activity score was significantly different between moderate intellectual disability, mild intellectual disability and healthy control groups (p<0.001); it was measured as 1.72±0.17 points, 2.04±0.43 points and 2.66±0.54 points, respectively. In children with intellectual disability, PAQ score significantly correlated to SLJT (r=0.487), 30s-STST (r=0.420), 6MWT (r=0.450) and WeeFIM (r=0.394) scores (p<0.05). In the regression model including waist circumference, SLJT, 30s-STST, 6MWT and PAQ; 30s-STST was an independent predictor for WeeFIM total score (?=0,322; p=0,042). CONCLUSION: Physical fitness and physical activity levels of children with intellectual disability are impaired compared to their healthy peers. Physical activity levels are closely related to physical fitness and functional independence in these children. Physical activity participation should be promoted from the early ages in children with intellectual disability.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the physical fitness, physical activity and functional independence levels of children with different levels of intellectual disability and to compare it to healthy controls. MATERIAL-METHODS: The study was carried out with 3 groups: 30 children with mild intellectual disability, 30 children with moderate intellectual disability, and 30 healthy children aged between 8-18 years. Physical fitness was evaluated over four components; body composition was evaluated with waist circumference, muscle strength with standing long jump test (SLJT), muscle endurance with 30-second sit to stand test (30s-STST), and cardiorespiratory endurance with 6-min walk test (6MWT). Physical activity and functional independence levels were evaluated with Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ) and Functional Independence Scale for Children (WeeFIM), respectively. Physical fitness components and functional independence levels were compared among 3 groups. RESULTS: Waist circumference was higher in the moderate intellectual disability group compared to healthy controls (73.17±14.19 cm vs 60.20±9.06 cm; p<0.01). 30s-STST was significantly different between moderate intellectual disability, mild intellectual disability, and healthy control groups (p<0.001); It was measured as 13.10± 2.20 repetitions, 15.73± 2.18 repetitions and 19.43± 1.72 repetitions, respectively. SLJT was significantly different between moderate intellectual disability, mild intellectual disability, and healthy control groups (p<0.001); It was measured as 72.73±12.64 cm, 95.80± 20.24 cm and 116.83±12.83 cm, respectively. 6MWT distance was significantly different between moderate intellectual disability, mild intellectual disability, and healthy control groups (p<0.001); it was measured as 355±43 m, 405±74 m and 497±39 m, respectively. PAQ physical activity score was significantly different between moderate intellectual disability, mild intellectual disability and healthy control groups (p<0.001); it was measured as 1.72±0.17 points, 2.04±0.43 points and 2.66±0.54 points, respectively. In children with intellectual disability, PAQ score significantly correlated to SLJT (r=0.487), 30s-STST (r=0.420), 6MWT (r=0.450) and WeeFIM (r=0.394) scores (p<0.05). In the regression model including waist circumference, SLJT, 30s-STST, 6MWT and PAQ; 30s-STST was an independent predictor for WeeFIM total score (?=0,322; p=0,042). CONCLUSION: Physical fitness and physical activity levels of children with intellectual disability are impaired compared to their healthy peers. Physical activity levels are closely related to physical fitness and functional independence in these children. Physical activity participation should be promoted from the early ages in children with intellectual disability.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Intellectual Disability, Children, Physical Fitness, Muscular Strength, Physical Activity, Entelektüel Yetersizlik, Çocuk, Fiziksel Uygunluk, Kas Kuvveti, Fiziksel Aktivite
