Sustainable production of microcrystalline and nanocrystalline cellulose from textile waste using HCl and NaOH/Urea treatment

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dc.authoridPasquardini, Laura/0000-0001-9171-7856
dc.authoridIsitan, Arzum/0000-0002-5228-9788
dc.authoridCAGLARER, Evren/0000-0002-1343-4751
dc.authoridKOLUMAN, AHMET/0000-0001-5308-8884
dc.authoridGÖK, Cem/0000-0002-8949-8129
dc.contributor.authorIsitan, Arzum
dc.contributor.authorPasquardini, Laura
dc.contributor.authorBersani, Massimo
dc.contributor.authorGök, Cem
dc.contributor.authorFioravanti, Simona
dc.contributor.authorLunelli, Lorenzo
dc.contributor.authorCaglarer, Evren
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-20T09:50:30Z
dc.date.available2025-03-20T09:50:30Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİzmir Bakırçay Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBio-nanomaterials are gaining increasing attention due to their renewable and eco-friendly characteristics. Among these, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) stands out as one of the most advanced materials for applications in food, healthcare, composite production, and beyond. In this study, NCC was successfully extracted from cotton-based textile waste using a combination of chemical and mechanical methods. The cellulose fibers were first hydrolyzed using a dilute HCl solution, neutralized, and then dried, resulting in microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with diameters ranging from 7 to 15 mu m and lengths up to 300 mu m (as observed via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, SEM). To achieve nanoscale dimensions, NaOH/urea solution with mechanical treatment was applied, resulting in the successful extraction of NCC in the supernatant, particularly under room-temperature conditions. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis confirmed the presence of nanostructures (average sizes ranging from 120 nm to 750 nm), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis verified the nanoscale range (diameters between 2 and 4 nm and lengths from 200 nm to 1 mu m). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the conversion of cellulose I to cellulose II, confirming the successful transformation into NCC. For the first time, NCC was obtained from undyed cotton textile wastes using NaOH/urea treatment after HCl hydrolysis, eliminating the need for pre-treatment and intermediate steps.
dc.description.sponsorshipTUBITAK-2219 International Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program [1059B192300439, TUBITAK-2219]; International Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was carried out within the scope of the study titled Investigation of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of PLA Matrix Biocomposites Reinforced with Micro and Nanocrystalline Cellulose Obtained from Waste Textile Products-1059B192300439 funded by the TUBITAK-2219 International Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/polym17010048
dc.identifier.issn2073-4360
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.pmid39795454
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85214502320
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/polym17010048
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14034/2232
dc.identifier.volume17
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001393452900001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.ispartofPolymers
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250319
dc.subjectbiodegradable polymer
dc.subjectnanotechnology
dc.subjectnanocrystalline cellulose
dc.subjectmicrocrystalline cellulose
dc.subjecttextile waste
dc.titleSustainable production of microcrystalline and nanocrystalline cellulose from textile waste using HCl and NaOH/Urea treatment
dc.typeArticle

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