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    Political Polarization and Administrative Court Cases: An Empirical Analysis for Europe
    (Mülkiye Alumni Association, 2024) Akdede, Sacit Hadi; Özdamar, Öznur; Utma, Yusuf
    This study has been written to investigate whether there is a relationship between political polarization and administrative lawsuits. The political polarization index used in this article is calculated based on the votes received by political parties in parliamentary elections. Additionally, how different political polarization indices are calculated will also be explained. Empirical analyses for 16 European countries, covering the years 2008-2019, have found that countries with a high political polarization index also have high levels of administrative lawsuits. Although this does not necessarily prove causality, it implies that administrative lawsuits may be related to political polarizations. The analyses, conducted using various panel data techniques, have found a statistically significant relationship between administrative lawsuits, public expenditures, per capita national income, and political polarizations. In the study, fixed effects method was used to control for time-invariant unit-specific effects, providing more reliable estimates. Additionally, econometric problems such as heteroskedasticity, unit root, and cross-sectional dependence were addressed. The Driscoll-Kraay Fixed Effects method provides the best estimates considering cross-sectional dependence, heteroskedasticity, and autocorrelation. According to regression results, a statistically significant relationship has been identified between political polarization and the number of administrative lawsuits; as political polarization increases, so does the number of administrative lawsuits. These findings indicate that political polarization has significant effects at both societal and judicial levels. It is emphasized that this situation negatively affects social costs and trust, and therefore, reducing political polarization is important for enhancing societal welfare. Additionally, no statistical relationship was found between administrative lawsuits and various governance concepts such as legality, accountability, and government effectiveness. A cross-sectional statistical analysis has also been conducted for certain provinces in Turkey. The statistical analyses for Turkey, like those for Europe, have found a statistically significant relationship between administrative lawsuits and political polarizations. The political polarization index has been calculated for provinces with Administrative Courts. In provinces where this index is relatively high, the number of administrative lawsuits per hundred thousand people has also been found to be high.