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    Comparison of trace element (selenium, iron), electrolyte (calcium, sodium), and physical activity levels in COVID-19 patients before and after the treatment
    (Elsevier Gmbh, 2022) Özdemir, Kadirhan; Saruhan, Ercan; Benli, Tuba Kaya; Kaya, Gözde; Meral, Orhan; Yavuz, Melike Yüksel; Şen, Teoman
    Objective: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a worldwide health problem, is the cause of 2019 coronavirus disease. This study aimed to compare the trace element (selenium and iron), electrolyte (calcium and sodium), and physical activity levels of COVID-19 patients before and after COVID-19 treatment. Method: This prospective study was conducted in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (n = 15). Trace element (selenium and iron), electrolyte (calcium and sodium), and physical activity levels of the patients were compared before and after the treatment. Result: Most of patients had selenium deficiency (86.7 %), iron deficiency (73.3 %), calcium deficiency (66.7 %) and sodium deficiency (46.7 %) before COVID-19 treatment. The most important improvements were seen in iron deficiency (from 73.3 % to 26.7 %) and sodium deficiency (from 46.7 % to 13.3 %) after the treatment. Selenium, iron, calcium, and sodium levels of the patients were significantly higher after the treatment (p < 0.05). The patients had low physical activity before and after COVID-19 treatment. In addition, no statistically significant difference was found in the comparison of physical activity levels (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that selenium, iron, calcium, and sodium levels and deficiencies might improve after treating patients with COVID-19. However, the results of this study showed that the physical activity levels of COVID-19 patients might remain stable and low throughout the treatment process.
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    Öğe
    Determination of serum trace elements (Se, Fe, Zn), macrominerals (Ca, Na, Cl), and physical activity levels in COVID-19 patients
    (Dustri-Verlag Dr Karl Feistle, 2022) Özdemir, Kadirhan; Saruhan, Ercan; Meral, Orhan; Kaya, Gözde; Benli, Tuba Kaya; Bakar, Yeşim; Kızıloğlu, İlker
    Objective: This study mainly aims to determine serum trace elements, macrominerals, and physical activity levels in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy con-trols. Materials and methods: This prospec-tive study was conducted among COVID-19 patients (group I, n = 20) and healthy con-trols (group II, n = 20). Serum trace element levels (Se, Fe, and Zn), macrominerals (Ca, Na, and Cl), vitamin D, ferritin, and physical activity levels were determined. Results: Of the participants in group I, 90% had Se defi-ciency, 65% had Fe deficiency, and 35% had Zn deficiency. In addition, 45% of the par-ticipants in group II had Se deficiency. There was Ca deficiency (60%), Na deficiency (40%), and Cl deficiency (30%) in COVID-19 patients. Healthy controls did not have any macromineral deficiencies. The trace ele-ment levels including Se, Fe, and Zn were not statistically significant (p > 0.05); how-ever, the micromineral levels including Ca, Na, and Cl were significantly lower between groups (p < 0.05). There were vitamin D de-ficiencies in 90% and 70% of the participants in group I and group II, respectively. Ferritin levels were significantly higher in group I than group II (p < 0.05). All the participants had low physical activity levels in group I, and 40% of the participants had low physi-cal activity levels in group II. Conclusion: This study showed that COVID-19 patients might have lower Ca, Na, and Cl levels than healthy adults. In addition, high rates of Se, Fe, Ca and vitamin D deficiencies, and ferritin lev-els may be seen in COVID-19 patients. More-over, COVID-19 patients may have low levels of physical activity.