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    Coping Strategies, well-being and inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic period
    (Springer, 2023) Giovanis, Eleftherios; Ozdamar, Oznur
    As a response to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments around the globe have carried on strict lockdown measures affecting millions of jobs, public life, and the well-being of people. This study examines people's subjective well-being, such as the perception of the economic situation and mental well-being, who made adjustments to cope with the earning losses. We estimate the well-being cost, which is the money required to compensate people because of the reduction in earnings or employment loss and the coping strategy followed to bring their well-being to the levels of those who have not adopted any coping strategy. We examine two outcomes; the perception of the economic situation and a mental well-being index. We employ data from the ERF COVID-19 MENA Monitor Surveys for Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia. The results show that coping strategies with earning losses impact well-being and are associated with high costs. In most cases, the coping strategies of borrowing from banks and selling assets present the highest well-being costs. Furthermore, the estimates highlight significant discrepancies across gender and types of workers, such as those employed in the informal sector and temporary contracts.
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    Sociocultural Influences on Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Syrian Migrants in Turkey
    (Florida Gulf Coast University, 2024) Giovanis, Eleftherios; Akdede, Sacit Hadi; Ozdamar, Oznur
    We aim to examine the participation of Syrian migrants in social and cultural activities in Turkey and compare the frequency of participation with Turkish respondents. The second aim is to study the role and influence of participation in social and cultural activities on subjective well-being (SWB). Syrians who read Turkish books and visit museums and historical sites, those who invite or are invited by Turkish friends, and those who have Turkish friends are more likely to experience high SWB than Turkish respondents do. The findings also emphasize the critical role of socioeconomic factors, such as education, wealth, and income, in sociocultural participation. Thus, this study shows that integration and social inclusion should not be attributed solely to immigrants but should also rely on the efforts of the recipient societies since financial constraints and income disparities can potentially make it more difficult for migrants’ sociocultural participation. © 2024, Florida Gulf Coast University. All rights reserved.
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    The transboundary effects of climate change and global adaptation: the case of the Euphrates-Tigris water basin in Turkey and Iraq
    (Physica-Verlag Gmbh & Co, 2024) Giovanis, Eleftherios; Ozdamar, Oznur
    Drought has erupted across the Middle East due to climate change and global warming, leading to a considerable reduction in rainfall and snowfall and a substantial drop in water resources. The Euphrates-Tigris water basin is a significant source of water supply for Turkey and Iraq, where the latter is a downstream riparian country, and the former is an upstream country. We aim to explore the impact of climate change shocks on the economic welfare of households in Iraq. The empirical analysis relies on data from the Iraqi Household Socio-Economic Survey conducted in 2012 and the 2017 Rapid Welfare Monitoring Survey. We apply simultaneous unrelated regression equations with probit models. We further extend the analysis by incorporating an instrumental variables approach. The findings show a significant impact of climate change-related shocks on income, assets, food production and stock, and the overall economic situation of households in Iraq.
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    What explains Total Factor Productivity in agriculture: An empirical investigation using panel data analysis
    (Bologna Univ Press, 2023) Koc, Ahmet Ali; Ozdamar, Oznur; Uysal, Peyman
    Considering population projections, which are estimated to be 10 billion people in the world by 2050, agricultural demand is expected to rise by about 50% compared to 2013 levels, even under a moderate economic development scenario. The number of people will increase in cities, and higher income levels per person will all have a significant impact on future food demand. There is only one way to raise food production without further depletion of natural resources, and that is to boost Total Factor Productivity (TFP). This study uses panel data analysis to investigate the factors that affect agricultural TFP in both developed and developing countries. Data is taken from the USDA/ERS (the United States Department of Agriculture/Economic Research Service), the World Bank, Penn World Table, and FAO over the peri-od of 2002-2016 and consists of 32 developed and developing countries. According to our results, TFP in agriculture is increasing with the high level of human capital in developing countries. Moreover, the results of the study indicate that increases in gross fixed capital formation and the amount of arable land in both groups of countries contribute positively to TFP. However, TFP decreases while the agricultural employment rate increases for both developed and developing countries.