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Öğe Coexistence of SARS-CoV-2 and cerebrovascular diseases: does COVID-19 positivity trigger cerebrovascular pathologies?(J Infection Developing Countries, 2022) Ates, Ozkan; Yilmaz, Ibrahim; Karaarslan, Numan; Ersoz, Emel; Kasim, Fatma Bahar Hacioglu; Dogan, Mustafa; Özbek, HanefiThe objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and to assess the pharmacological agents used in such cases as reported in the literature. Patient files were retrospectively scanned to determine the prevalence of neurological symptoms of the central nervous system (headache, dizziness, lack of smell and taste, numbness in arms and legs, change in consciousness, muscle weakness, loss of urine and stool control) and cerebrovascular diseases (ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid/subdural hemorrhage) in 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) disease (COVID-19) cases (n = 20,099). The diagnostic laboratory, radiology examinations and treatments applied to these cases were recorded. The data from studies presenting cerebrovascular diseases associated with SARS-Cov-2, which constituted 0.035% of all cases, were systematically evaluated from electronic databases. During the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, it was discovered that high doses of enoxaparin sodium anti-Xa are combined with apixaban or acetylsalicylic acid or clopidogrel or piracetam, and mannitol, in addition to SARS-CoV-2 treatment modalities. While neurological symptoms of the central nervous system are uncommon in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, cerebrovascular diseases are far less common, according to the findings of this study. Acute cerebral ischemia was discovered to be the most common cerebrovascular disease associated with SARS-CoV-2. The mortality rate increases with the association between SARS-CoV-2 and cerebrovascular disease.Öğe Curcumin-Impregnated Drug Delivery Systems May Show Promise in the Treatment of Diseases Secondary to Traumatic Brain Injury: Systematic Review(Sage Publications Inc, 2022) Yilmaz, Ibrahim; Karaarslan, Numan; Somay, Hakan; Ozbek, Hanefi; Ates, OzkanObjectiveTo find out whether curcumin can be effective in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). MethodsA comprehensive and systematic literature search in the PubMed electronic database was performed. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the data obtained. The results were presented as frequency and percentage (%) or amount. ResultsTwo clinical trials investigated curcumin for the treatment of TBI. One study tested curcumin in living mammalian subjects using an amyloLipid nanovesicle. In three studies, curcumin was investigated together with the drug delivery system for the treatment of TBI. ConclusionDrug delivery systems prepared with nanomaterials may have a potential therapeutic effect in treating TBI by increasing neuroprotection because they can penetrate the central nervous system more rapidly.Öğe The effects of rivaroxaban, an oral anticoagulant, on human IVD primary cultures(Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2022) Caliskan, Tezcan; Akalan, Hande; Yilmaz, Ibrahim; Karaarslan, Numan; Sirin, Duygu Yasar; Özbek, HanefiIntroduction: The present study aimed to investigate the potential effects of rivaroxaban, an oral anticoagulant that inhibits the effects of factor Xa, on intact intervertebral disc tissue cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Material and methods: Rivaroxaban was applied to primary human cell cultures prepared from tissues of the intervertebral disc. Comparative molecular analyses were performed on non-drug-treated control group samples. Descriptive statistics were presented as the mean +/- standard deviation. An analysis of variance test was performed to determine whether there were significant differences in the mean across the groups. When differences across groups were observed, Tukey's honestly significant difference post-hoc test was used for multiple pairwise comparisons. The significance of the obtained data was determined statistically. The alpha significance value was < 0.05. Results: The cells in the control group and in the rivaroxaban-treated group were viable, healthy, and proliferated (p < 0.05). However, the expression levels of the chondroadherin gene (CHAD), cartilage oligo matrix protein (COMP), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, and MMP-19 genes were changed (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Although rivaroxaban does not suppress cell proliferation due to morphological, biological, and biochemical changes in the intervertebral disc tissue, it may change the expression of genes that are related to ECM maintenance.Öğe Evaluation of inflammatory and biochemical markers in COVID-19 patients treated with tocilizumab alone or with the combination of tocilizumab and convalescent plasma transfusion(2022) Karaarslan, Numan; Doğan, Mustafa; Bilir, Bülent; Yılmaz, İbrahim; Özbek, HanefiAbstract Aim: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) develops due to increased expression of systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Immune modulators have been used in anti-cytokine therapy, with the hypothesis that they can ensure cytokine inhibition and treat cytokine storm. The present study aimed to evaluate inflammatory and prognostic biomarkers in severe COVID-19 cases treated with tocilizumab (TCZ) alone or with the combination of tocilizumab and convalescent plasma transfusion (CPT). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, data archives of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) and who were treated with TCZ alone or the combination of CPT and TCZ were evaluated in line with the literature. The obtained data were statistically evaluated and the alpha significance value was taken as <0.05. Results: Post-treatment C-reactive protein (CRP) (76.19% in TCZ-administered group; 89.32% in TCZ+CPT-administered group) (P<0.05), troponin I (TNI) (25.64% in TCZadministered group; 90.39% in TCZ+CPT-administered group) (P<0.05), and ferritin (FER) (63.63% in the TCZ-administered group; 9.09% in the TCZ+CPT-administered) (P<0.05) levels were decreased compared to pre-treatment stage. The mean length of hospital stay was longer in the patients treated with TCZ alone (21.55±8.89 days) than in the patients treated with the combination of TCZ and CPT (27.09±13.66 days) (P<0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics. The combination of TCZ and CPT treatment did not decrease the mortality. A significant decrease in CRP and TNI levels was observed in the patients treated with TCZ alone and with the combination of TCZ and CPT. A decrease in FER levels showed the effectiveness of the treatments.Öğe Investigation of the potential effects of alpha-lipoic acid on human degenerated intervertebral disc tissue primary cell cultures(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2022) Aydın, İrfan; Yaşar Şirin, Duygu; Karaarslan, Numan; Özbek, HanefiAIM: To investigate the supplementation of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) at the molecular level to determine its effect on primary cell cultures prepared from human intervertebral disc (IVD) tissue in an in vitro environment. MATERIAL and METHODS: Human primary cell cultures were prepared from IVD tissue resected during surgery. While cell cultures without ALA supplementation formed the control group, those with ALA supplementation formed the study group. All cell groups were stained using acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI), and the incidence of apoptotic cell death was determined under a fluorescent microscope. Cell surface morphology and extracellular matrix (ECM) structures were evaluated under an invert light microscope. Simultaneously, cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT???ELISA analysis, and the expressions of chondroadherin (CHAD), cartilage oligomeric protein (COMP), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1??), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7 and-19, which are genes associated with ECM regulation, were tested using qRT???PCR. The data obtained were evaluated statistically using Tukey???s honestly significant difference (HSD) test after analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. The alpha significance value was accepted as < .05. RESULTS: Compared to the cells in the control group, it was observed that both proliferation was suppressed and ECM structures deteriorated in the cells in the study group. CONCLUSION: Also, it was reported that the all-gene expression levels changed. ALA supplementation can negatively affect human IVD primary cell cultures in an in vitro environment.Öğe Is favipiravir a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration by suppressing autophagy and apoptosis?(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2022) Yılmaz, İbrahim; Akalan, Hande; Şirin, Duygu Yaşar; Karaarslan, Numan; Özbek, Hanefi; Ateş, ÖzkanAIM: To evaluate the effects of favipiravir (FVP) on cell viability and cytotoxicity in human degenerated primary intervertebral disc (IVD) tissue cell cultures. Furthermore, the protein expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha), nuclear factor-kappa-b (NF-kappa B), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) were also examined. MATERIAL and METHODS: Untreated cell cultures served as the control group, named group 1. Cell cultures treated with FVP served as the study group, named group 2. Pharmacomolecular analyses were performed in all groups at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours (h). Obtained data were evaluated statistically. RESULTS: Cell proliferation was suppressed in the FVP-treated samples compared to the control group samples at 24 and 72 h, and this was statistically significant (p<0.05). Decreased or increased protein expression levels of HIF-1 alpha, NF-kappa B, and IL-1 beta in FVP-treated samples may be an indication of suppression in anabolic events as well as proliferation in IVD cultures. FVP administration showed that AF/NP cells in a culture medium may induce a strong inflammatory response to FVP. This strong inflammatory response is likely to cause slowed proliferation. It may also be a trigger for many catabolic events. NF-kappa B expression increased within the first 24 h and then decreased rapidly. Based on the data obtained, it may be suggested that the rapidly increasing NF-kB may have stimulated the expression of many antiproliferative genes. CONCLUSION: The suppression of IL-1 beta and NF-kB protein expressions in IVD cells treated with FVP is important in the treatment of IVD degeneration (IDD). If the protein expression of HIF-1 alpha could be increased along with the suppression of IL-1 beta and NF-kB, FVP would perhaps be a promising pharmacological agent in the treatment of IDD.
