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Öğe Biomechanical Effects of Angiotensin 1-7 in Diabetes Rats Femur(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2023) Nalbant, Asrın; Dalaman, Uğur; Gök, Kadir; Duygu, Özden Bedre; Yaras, Nazmi; Kavak, ServetIt is known that diabetes mellitus has late complications, including microvascular and macrovascular diseases. Diabetes can affect bones through biochemical markers of bone structure, density, and turnover. This study aimed to biomechanically investigate the bone-protective effects of angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), one of the active peptides in the renin-angiotensin system, in rats with diabetes. Thirty male Wistar albino rats, three months old and weighing 250-300 g, were divided into four groups: diabetes, Ang 1- 7, diabetes plus Ang 1-7, and control. One month later, diabetes developed in rats; the rats were sacrificed, and their right femur was removed. Three-point bending biomechanical tests were performed on the femurs. The diabetic group had significantly higher bone fragility than the other groups (Pr >.05). Bone fragility was lower, and bone flexibility was higher in the Ang 1-7 groups (Pr>F value 0.05). As a result of our study, the effect of Ang 1-7 on the bones of rats with diabetes was investigated biomechanically. Ang 1-7 has a protective impact on the bones of rats with diabetes.Öğe Comparison of the success of meta-heuristic algorithms in tool path planning of computer numerical control machine(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2022) Çaska, Serkan; Gök, Kadir; Gök, ArifCarrying out an engineering process with the least cost and within the shortest time is the basic purpose in many fields of industry. In Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining, performing a process by following a certain order reduces cost and time of the process. In the literature, there are research works involving varying methods that aim to minimize the length of the CNC machine tool path. In this study, the trajectory that the CNC machine tool follows while drilling holes on a plate was discussed within the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). Genetic Algorithms (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) methods were used to solve TSP. The case that the shortest tool path was obtained was determined by changing population size parameter in GA, PSO, and GWO methods. The results were presented in tables.Öğe Comparison of two different bowel anastomosis types using finite volume method(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Pirhan, Yavuz; Gök, Kadir; Gök, ArifThe purpose of this study was to compare side-to-side and functional end-to-end anastomosis techniques that are commonly used in bowel surgery. Considering the dimensions of these two different anastomosis models, SolidWorks program was used for 3 D studies. Intra-intestinal flow analyzes were performed based on the finite volume method using Ansys Fluent, a computational fluid Dynamics (CFD) program. The flow velocity, pressure, turbulent knetic energy, turbulence vortex distribution, vortex viscosity and wall shear stresses for each model were calculated in results of the analysis for the side-to-side and functional end-to-end anastomosis technique. Due to the geometrical structure of the functional end - to - end anastomosis model, turbulence and hence the vortex formation is less than the side - to - side anastomosis technique. Because intersect area of bowels has wider in functional end - to - end anastomosis model, flow become easier than other. In surgical practice, functional end-to-end anastomosis is preferred over side-to-side anastomosis because of the low probability of leakage. It can be noted that the functional end - to - end anastomosis technique will be safer because of less turbulence, based on the data of fluid flow velocities, pressure, turbulent knetic energy, turbulence vortex distribution, vortex viscosity and wall shear stresses in the anastomosis.Öğe Computational fluid dynamics simulation of erosion-corrosion in abrasive water jet machining(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2021) Ada, Hediye Deniz; Erdem, Mehmet; Gök, KadirToday, conventional machining with chip or machining without chip machining manufacturing methods is used to bring to the desired dimensions sizes the machines and equipment used in the industry. However, non-traditional manufacturing methods are used in cases where traditional machining manufacturing methods are inadequate. Cutting with water jet which is one of the non-traditional manufacturing methods is commonly used in several fields of industry. Unlike traditional manufacturing methods such as turning and milling, not using of a physical cutting tool is among the advantages of the method. Abrasive water jet manufacturing method was started to be applied by adding abrasive particles in the water jet. Apart from the superior properties of the method, possible damages occur in the water jet nozzle due to processes such as cutting or drilling by applying high pressure. Erosion-corrosion is the leading damage among these damages. In this study, the erosion-corrosion in the nozzle caused by high-pressure water and abrasive during the abrasive water jet cutting process was simulated in the computer environment. In this paper, the erosion rate in the nozzle was calculated as 6,90E-06 kg/m(2) s. This value was converted as 0,30 mm (27,09 mm for yearly) via developed software for 100 h.Öğe Computer aided simulation with finite element analysis of the effect of face mask use against Covid-19 and other infections(2022) Gök, Kadir; İnal, Canan; İnal, Sermet; Gök, Arif; Ada, DenizViruses are the leading infectious diseases. Viruses spread very fast and has a mortal risk to people with chronic diseases. Different methods are being sought to protect against the virus. In this study, the effect of face mask used against Covid-19 and other infections were investigated using finite element analysis. The effects of droplets formed because of cough or sneezing on the masked and without masked human model were analyzed. The human model without mask has a negative effective on the human face. The risk of infection is higher on the unmasked human model than on the masked human model.Öğe Computer-aided simulation using finite element analysis of protect against to coronavirus (COVID-19) of custom-made new mask design(Springer India, 2021) Gök, Kadir; Selçuk, Akil Birkan; Gök, ArifThe Covid-19 virus has been recognized by the World Health Organization to be creating Pandemic worldwide. It has been determined that the virus spreads very quickly and has a fatal risk in people with chronic disease. As the virus vaccine and medications to be used for treatment are not fully developed, alternative ways to protect human being from the virus are being investigated. In this study, a custom-made mask design was developed to prevent infection of the virus and computer-aided simulations were performed. Three-dimensional model of the custom-made face mask was created with the SolidWorks software. The analyses were performed using Ansys Workbench Explicit Dynamics module. The load, boundary conditions and material were defined in the Ansys Workbench. As a result of the simulations, it has been determined that custom-made designed masks have a much lower risk of virus infection than conventional masks.Öğe Design and finite element analysis of a new kirschner wire for fixing bone fractures in orthopedic surgery(2022) Ada, Deniz; Gök, Kadir; İnal, CananIn this study, a new Kirschner wire (K-wire) design was performed to fix bone fractures in orthopedic surgery. The numerical analyses were completed based on the finite element method (FEM), using Deform-3D software. In this kind of numerical analyses using the FEM, friction, material model, the load and boundary conditions must be defined correctly. It has been seen that the new design is more advantageous in terms of implant failure or stability of fracture fixation. In addition, a good compatibility was found between the experimental results and the finite element analysis (FEA) results. This confirmed the accuracy of the finite element model. Therefore, this finite element model can be used reliably in drilling processes. We believe that with the use of new design investigated may have the role on the patients taking away from recurrent anesthesia and orthopaedic surgical risk.Öğe Development of a new model for determine of cutting parameters in metal drilling processes(Springer Heidelberg, 2020) Turkes, Erol; Erdem, Mehmet; Gök, Kadir; Gök, ArifMetal drilling and cutting processes are used commonly in many areas of the industry. When these processes investigated analytically, it is seen that they have a very complicated structure. This complicated structure can find easy solutions with finite element-based simulation tools. In metal removal operations, it is very difficult to calculate the cutting parameters such as cutting tool stresses, residual stresses, cutting tool-chip interface temperature and shear angle both experimentally and analytically. But, these operations could be easily calculated by computer-supported simulation tools. In these types of numeric simulations, using finite element method, it is needed to identify clearly the friction, material model load and limiting conditions. In this paper, the cutting parameters as cutting and thrust power, heat transfer coefficient and friction coefficient at chip-tool interface which is needed to find the temperature distribution on drilling bit and workpiece material were calculated using analytic models.Öğe Development of bone chip-vacuum system in orthopedic drilling process(Springer Heidelberg, 2021) Gök, Kadir; Erdem, Mehmet; Kisioğlu, Yasin; Gök, Arif; Tümsek, MertOverheating occurs during the bone drilling process using drill bits in orthopedic surgery. The temperatures frequently exceed 47 degrees C, usually accepted as critical value, since the bones and surrounding tissues burn and then cause the necrosis during the drilling process. To prevent this, orthopedic surgeons either spray coolants to the drilling zone or pause the drilling process until the bones and tissues cool down. Such heat damage in bones and soft tissues is undesirable event for surgeons. The bone chips, sometimes, are also complicating the bone fracture fixations. In this study, an investigation is described the effects of the processing parameters on bone chip formations, temperature levels and chip-vacuuming performances during drilling. The temperature levels are also measured using thermocouple devices. A bone chip collecting system is developed as a specific device to collect the chips or fragments using vacuuming technique. The collected bone chips are stored in a pot (reservoir) and delivered to a reparative site in case of necessary. Some design parameters for the developed vacuum system are identified considering the temperature rise during the drilling process. Analyzing the effects of these parameters on chip formation and developed vacuum system statistically and some results are presented. At the end of the study, the bone chip-vacuum device was developed and performed successfully to collect the whole fragments in the bone drilling experimental tests. The chip-collecting device was also useful to remove overheat from the drilling zone. The optimal level of the processing parameters was calculated as A1B3C1 for both vacuumed and non-vacuumed conditions. The fractured powder-type chips were formed as anticipated using the cortical structure of diaphyseal part of calf bone which is helpful for chip vacuuming device.Öğe Development of software to calculate of friction process parameters used in friction drilling process(2021) Gök, Kadir; Erdem, Mehmet; Gök, Arif; Bilgin, Mehmet BurakFriction drilling processes are used frequently in hot forming operations. This process is similar todrilling processes but it has not chips and used to join of thin-walled metal components. The createdfrictional heat plasticizes the material and allows the punch type tool to enter the material surface,thus creating additional heat by friction. By the feeding tool pressure, it is advancing into the materialsurface while creating a hole. An analytic model and software was developed to calculate the frictiondrilling process parameters as torque and axial power, heat transfer coefficient for friction drillingprocess in this study.Öğe Evaluation of screwing configurations in conventional plating of femoral shaft fractures using finite element analysis(World Scientific, 2021) Öztepe, Burkay; Gök, Kadir; Erdoğan, Yasin; İnal, Sermet; Gök, ArifSeveral fractures that occur in the human body depend on trauma or as a result of hormonal and bone fatigue. Fracture types that take place out of the neck area of the femoral bone are named femoral shaft fractures. Femoral shaft fractures are frequent conditions in orthopedics. Conventional plating method is a method that necessitates the fixation of the contact surface by contacting the epiphyses used in the treatment of such fractures. This method is known to be efficent in speeding up the healing process by reducing the movement between the epiphyses. In this study, femur models which are plated in various forms with fractures were analyzed with computer-aided finite element software and stresses on bone surfaces and fracture surfaces were determined. It is aimed to determine the best result by examining the relationship between the inputs such as the number of screws used during plating, the fixation area and material selection and the outputs obtained by finding the stresses on the bone surface and stresses on the broken surfaces. © 2021 World Scientific Publishing Company.Öğe Experimental determination of biofilm and mechanical properties of surfaces obtained by CO2 laser gas-assisted nitriding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2022) Urtekin, Levent; Aydın, Şeyhmus; Sevim, Ali; Gök, Kadir; Uslan, IbrahimThe nitriding process is a surface treatment that improves the surface properties of titanium alloys and increases wear/corrosion resistance. This study investigates the structural and mechanical property changes in titanium alloy after nitriding. Micro-hardness differences between the nitrided and non-nitrided surface and morphological changes on the surface were determined. In addition to evaluating the effect of vanadium and aluminum ions on the nonnitrided surface, the impact of nitrided and non-nitrided surfaces on biofilm layer formation was investigated. It was determined that the TiN layer formed on the nitrided surface showed superior properties to its non-nitrided surface in the biofilm tests performed for 6 h. As a result of the tensile tests, it can be said that the nitriding process increases the elasticity module of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy and provides the material to have a more rigid structure. It was also analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA) of mechanical behaviors of the test sample under the tension loads.Öğe Finite element method based structural analysis of quadcopter UAV chassis produced with 3D printer(2020) Aydın, Mustafa; Çaşka, Serkan; Gök, Kadir; Özdemir, İkbalIn this study, the static analysis and manufacturing of a quadcopter type small unmanned aerialvehicle (UAV) design compatible with landing platforms was performed by using the finite elementmethod. In static analysis, the weight of the quadcopter body is considered as the load and the base isfixed. Each part of the quadcopter used in the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is manufactured withAcrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polyactic Acid (PLA) materials with a thickness of 0.05mm with i3 prusa printer. As a result of the structural analysis, the stress produced in the quadcopterchassis produced from ABS material was 0,053 MPa and the stress on the quadcopter frame producedfrom PLA material was calculated as 0,065 MPa. In addition, the deformation in the quadcopter frameproduced from ABS material was 0,014 mm, while the quadcopter frame produced from PLA materialwas 0,010 mm.Öğe Histopathological and biomechanical investigation of the effect of momordica charantia on fracture healing, kidney, and liver: an experimental rat model(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2021) Özturk, Burhan; İnal, Sermet; Dülgeroğlu, Turan Cihan; Üzümcügil, Alaaddin Oktar; Deger, Ayşenur; Kuyubasi, Sabit Numan; Gök, KadirMomordica charantia (MC) is a plant belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. MC has antidiabetic, antibacterial, antioxidant, antimutagenic, antiulcerative, antiinflammatory and antilipidemic effects. However, information on the effect of MC on fracture union is lacking. This study aimed to examine the effect of MC on fracture union histopathologically and biomechanically. A total of 42 male Wistar-Albino rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, 14 in each group. A diaphyseal fracture was created on the right tibia of all rats. All fractures were fixed with a Kirschner (K) wire. The rats in Group I did not undergo any further procedures (Control group). Group II rats were treated with 0.9% saline oral gavage at a dose of 500 mu L/day for 28 days [Saline (S) group]. The rats in Group III were given 300mg/kg MC extract per day, dissolved in 500 mu L 0.9% saline by oral gavage for 28 days [MC (Extract) group]. After 28 days, all rats were sacrificed. Each group was randomly divided into two subgroups. The histopathological examination was performed on the right tibia of rats in the first subgroup and the biomechanical examination in the second subgroup. The kidneys and livers of all rats were evaluated histopathologically. Fracture union was significantly better in the Extract group compared with the Control and S groups histopathologically. The fracture inflammation values were lower in the Extract group than in the other groups. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of possible side effects to kidneys and livers. In terms of biomechanics, fracture union was significantly better in the Extract group compared with the Control and S groups except yield displacement values. MC had a positive effect on fracture union histopathologically and biomechanically.Öğe İnsan femur kemiğinde burkulma davranışının sonlu elemanlar yöntemiyle incelenmesi(2020) Gök, Kadir; Gök, ArifBu çalışmada eksenel yükleme altında insan femur modeli üzerinde burkulma etkisinin biyomekanikdavranışın sonlu elemanlar metodu (SEM) kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. İnsan femurunun 3 boyutlu(3D) modeli Geomagic ve SolidWorks programı kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Sonlu eleman analizleriise Ansys Workbench 18.2 programında gerçekleştirilmiştir. 3D insan femur modeline eksenelyükleme sonucu oluşan deformasyonlar ve gerilmeler basma ve flambaj olarak ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir.Yapısal analiz soncunda femur kemiğinde oluşan deformasyon 2.06 mm iken, burkulma analizisonucunda femur kemiğinde oluşan deformasyon ise 1.29 mm olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu durum insankemiğinde eksenel yük altında flambaj etkisinin düşük olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu durumun femurkemiğinin anatomik yapısı ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca basma etkisindeki gerilmedeğeri 15.71 MPa iken, flambaj etkisindeki kritik burkulma gerilmesi ise 8.30 MPa olarakheaplanmıştır. Teorik olarak kritik yük (??????) 2102.21 N olarak hesap edilirken, SEA’ de ise 2164.54 Nolarak hesaplanmıştır.Öğe Investigation of the use of silicone pads to reduce the effects on the human face of classical face masks used to prevent from COVID-19 and other infections(Sage Publications Ltd, 2021) Gök, KadirViruses spreads very quickly and has a fatal risk in people with chronic disease. As the virus vaccine and medications to be used for treatment are not fully developed, alternative ways to protect it from the virus are being investigated. In this study, the effects of a classical face mask on human face were investigated and computer-aided analyses were performed. Three-dimensional model of the classical face mask was performed with the SolidWorks software. The analyses were performed using AnsysWorkbench Static Structural module. The load, boundary conditions and material were defined in the AnsysWorkbench. As a result of the analyses, it has been determined that classical masks influence human face. The classical masks have a negative effective in terms of irritation on the human face. The occurred stresses cause irritation on one's skin. The use of silicone pads has been shown to reduce these effects. It was proved by this study that silicon pads can be used as an alternative method to reduce these stresses. In the future, it is planned to conduct studies investigating mask materials that do not irritate the human face.Öğe Investigation using finite element analysis of effect on crater geometry of different abrasive types in abrasive water jet machining(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2021) Gök, KadirToday, manufacturing methods are classified into two groups as conventional and non- conventional manufacturing methods. While turning, milling, and drilling are among the conventional manufacturing methods, processes such as laser, plasma, electro erosion, ultrasonic machining and water jet machining are among non-conventional, namely modern manufacturing methods. The cutting tool does not used in modern manufacturing methods. This situation is an advantage. There are some uncertainties on the machining performance of abrasive types, apart from the superior properties of the method. In this study, the effect of different abrasive types on machining performance in abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) was investigated by using computer aided finite element analysis.Öğe Kireç oranındaki değişmenin erozyon korozyonuna etkisinin sonlu elemanlar analizi ile araştırılması(2020) Ada, Deniz; Gök, KadirBu çalışmada sıvı akışkanın içindeki kireç oranının korozyona etkisi bilgisayar destekli akış analizlerikullanılarak belirlenmesi yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Kireç konsantrasyonundaki değişimin, yuvarlatılmış birdirsek borudaki erozyon korozyonuna etkisini görebilmek hedeflenmiştir. Petro-kimya endüstrisindekullanılan borular farklı türde akışkanları bir yerden bir yere taşımakla görevlidirler. Bir dirsek boru tasarımıgöz önüne alınarak 3 boyutlu çalışmalar için SolidWorks programı kullanılmıştır. Boru içi akış analizlerihesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği programı Ansys Fluent kullanılarak sonlu hacim metoduna dayalı olarakgerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizlerde, 3 farklı kireç partikül oranı seçilmiştir. Analiz sonunda, farklı kireçoranlarında borularda oluşan erozyon miktarları elde edilmiştir. Kireç oranı arttıkça, dirsek borulardakikorozyon oranında artış görülmüştür.Öğe The optimization of driller parameters for orthopedic surgery applications using multiobjective gray relational analysis and response surface method(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2022) Gök, Arif; Gök, Kadir; Alkan, Mehmet AliIn bone-drilling operations, undesirable temperature rises are experienced due to high-contact friction. These increases in temperature can damage bone and soft tissues from time to time. When the temperature exceeds 47 degrees C, osteonecrosis occurs. This article presents a new method for both the selection of optimum drilling parameters and the mathematical temperature model (T degrees C). In this study, the optimum parameter values for bone-drilling operations were found using gray relational analysis, and a mathematical model was created based on the temperature parameters using the response surface method. The accuracy of the developed analytical model has been proven by ANOVA. As a result, it has been revealed that the value of spindle speed is the most effective factor in bone-drilling operations and that the developed analytical model and experimental measurements are in harmony.
