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    Artificial Intelligence in Public Health and Health Policies
    (CRC Press, 2024) Cetin, Emine
    The widespread use of artificial intelligence has created significant changes in the field of health in general and public health in particular. While artificial intelligence in health is prominent in fields such as radiology, pathology, and dermatology, public health applications are not visible enough. The reason why public health is less prominent is that the results of public health practices occur in a longer term than curative health services. However, public health interventions have the advantages of affecting large segments of society and enabling intervention before health problems are identified and devastating. Therefore, the spread of artificial intelligence applications in the field of public health is important in terms of improving public health. Although not as prominent as other areas of health, artificial intelligence technologies have application areas that contribute positively to public health. Areas of contribution include surveillance systems, epidemic management, early diagnosis of diseases, monitoring of disease risk factors, and vaccine studies. Apart from these direct intervention areas, there are also indirect contribution areas such as facilitating the collection and processing of health records, enabling non-medical records to identify health risks and diseases in the community, accurate and rapid diagnosis of diseases, and increasing academic studies. With the widespread use of smartphones, patient-oriented artificial intelligence applications can be used to improve public health. Given the lack of resources and the large disease burden in developing countries, it is possible that these countries will benefit from appropriate public health initiatives. There are some proven successes of artificial intelligence in public health, but more evidence is needed on protecting and supporting the health of populations. © 2025 Mustafa Berktas, Abdulkadir Hiziroglu, Ahmet Emin Erbaycu, Orhan Er and Sezer Bozkus Kahyaoglu.
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    Determinants of Conversion From Laparoscopic to Open Cholecystectomy: Türkiye Case
    (Galenos Publ House, 2024) Aslan, Huseyin; Cirakli, Umit; Ozden, Sabri; Cetin, Emine
    Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of patients who required conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy. In addition, we compared the health outcomes of laparoscopic and converted cholecystectomy. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study. The laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures performed in hospitals of the Turkish Ministry of Health in 2016 were examined. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. Results: There were 103,387 laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Of these, 102,294 (98.9%) were laparoscopically completed, whereas 1,093 (1.1%) were converted to open cholecystectomy. The majority (75.9%) of the patients were female. The rate of conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy; in men >= 65 years of age, patients with chronic renal failure, hypertension, diabetes, malign neoplasm, and cerebrovascular disease were found to be statistically significantly higher than those in the opposing groups. Mortality, complications, intensive care unit treatment rates, and average hospitalization time were found to be statistically significant in cholecystectomy converted to open surgery. Conclusion: Patients who had converted cholecystectomy had more negative health outcomes than those who had completed the procedure laparoscopically. Old age, being male, and having comorbidities and malignancies increase the risk of conversion to open cholecystectomy. These factors can help determine the conversion risk of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to an open procedure.