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    DETERMINATION OF HEMOGLOBIN A1c, LIPID PROFILES, HOMOCYSTEINE, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS IN DIABETIC AND/OR NON-DIABETIC COVID-19 PATIENTS
    (2023) SARUHAN, Ercan; KAYA, Gözde; BENLİ, Tuba KAYA; MERAL, Orhan; BOZOĞLAN, Hümeyra; DEMİR, Halit; DEMİR, Canan
    Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic results in higher morbidity and mortality rates. This study aims to compare hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profiles, homocysteine, oxidative stress, and physical activity levels between diabetic Covid-19 patients (group I), non-diabetic Covid-19 patients (group II), and healthy controls (group III). Method: HbA1c, lipid profiles, homocysteine, oxidative stress, oxidant, and antioxidant status were analyzed from the venous blood samples and physical activity levels were measured with International Physical Activity Questionnaire. All the parameters were compared between the groups (n=16 for each group). Results: HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels in group I were higher than group II and III (p<0.001). There were significant differences in serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between the groups (p<0.001). There was lower superoxide dismutase (p<0.001) and total antioxidant status (TAS) (p<0.001), and higher malondialdehyde (p<0.001), total oxidant status (TOS) (p<0.001), oxidative stress index (p<0.001), C-reactive protein level (p=0.001), and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p<0.001) in group I and II compared with group III. Although the patients in group I and II had lower physical activity levels than group III, only the patients in group II had significantly lower physical activity levels than group III (p=0.006). Conclusion: Diabetic Covid-19 patients had higher blood glucose markers than non-diabetic Covid-19 patients and healthy controls in our study. Diabetic and non-diabetic patients had higher oxidant, lower antioxidant, and higher oxidative stress levels than healthy controls. In addition, the physical activity levels of non-diabetic Covid-19 patients were lower than diabetic Covid-19 patients and healthy controls.