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    Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibilities of non-tuberculous mycobacteria against linezolid and tigecycline
    (Indian Association of Medical Microbiologists, 2022) Şenol, Güneş; Biçmen, Can; Gündüz, Ayrız; Dereli, Şevket; Erbaycu, Ahmet Emin
    Mycobacterial susceptibility testing is important for the management of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections. The aim of the study is to determine the susceptibilities of tigecycline (TGC) and linezolid (LZD) against NTM. The study was carried out using stocks of NTM strains in the tuberculosis department of the microbiology laboratory. It was designed a retrospective study. LZD and TGC sensitivities of study isolates were analyzed by microdilution. Forty NTM isolates have been studied. LZD and TGC sensitivities varied according to the NTM type. It is concluded that each isolate should be individually evaluated due to variable susceptibilities to LZD and TGC. © 2022 Indian Association of Medical Microbiologists
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    Is Bacterial Profile and Antibiotics Resisance Changed in The Patients with Lower Respiratory tract İnfeciton Hospitalized to Tertiary Chest Diseases Hospital?
    (Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, 2023) Polat, Gülru; Şenol, Güneş; Ayrancı, Aysu; Unat, Damla Serçe; Güldaval, Filiz; Türk, Merve Ayık; Topaloğlu, İhsan
    Objective: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in hospital admissions and inpatients. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the isolated factors, antibiotic resistance rates, previous hospitalization, and antibiotic use of patients in hospitalized LRTI cases. Materials and Methods: In this study, the demographic and clinical characteristics, microbiological features of the patients who were hospitalized with the diagnosis of LRTI and found to have growth in the cultures of the respiratory tract samples between 2013-2018 were investigated using a cross-sectional descriptive method. Results: We analyzed 484 agents isolated from 469 patients and their antibiotic resistance profiles. The mean age of the cases was 63.9 years. The most isolated agent was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n= 220; 45.5%). One (6%) penicillin and three (17%) macrolide resistant isolates were detected in 17 isolated strains of S. pneumonia. H. influenza was isolated in 34 cases. In the case, 8% ampicillin and 12% quinolone resistance were reported. Conclusion: We concluded that when starting empirical antibiotic therapy, it is necessary to consider increasing quinolone resistance and P. aeruginosa being the causative agent in almost half of the cases, questioning the frequency of previous hospitalizations and antibiotic use, and considering local antibiotic resistance patterns.
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    Paradoxical reactions in tuberculosis treatment: mechanisms, diagnosis and approach
    (Bilimsel Tip Yayinevi, 2024) Buyuktuna, Seyit Ali; Kurtaran, Behice; Ozsahin, Sefa Levent; Şenol, Güneş; Kilic, Aysegul Ulu; Tasbakan, Meltem
    Paradoxical reactions (PR) refer to the worsening of clinical manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) after the initiation of TB treatment, particularly occurring during the recovery of immune function in immunocompromised individuals. This syndrome is also known as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and is more common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although the mechanisms of PR are not fully understood, excessive inflammatory responses triggered by increased antigen load and rapid immune response are considered the main cause. This is associated with a strong T-cell response to antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Paradoxical reactions in HIV-positive individuals after ART initiation is characterized by a sudden and intense activation of TB-fighting immune cells. Symptoms of PR include fever, lymphadenopathy, pulmonary infiltrates, and enlargement of existing TB lesions. A major diagnostic challenge is the exclusion of TB treatment-resistant mycobacterial infections or other infections. Management of PR mainly involves the continuation of TB and HIV treatment. Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids, can be used in severe PR cases. By reducing inflammation, corticosteroids can relieve the symptoms of the disease and improve the quality of life. However, the use of these drugs should be carefully monitored and side effects should be considered. Enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms behind paradoxical reactions and developing effective management strategies could significantly advance the fight against TB and HIV. This review aims to explore the mechanisms, diagnosis, and management strategies of paradoxical reactions in tuberculosis treatment.