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    Deep learning model-assisted detection of kidney stones on computed tomography
    (Brazilian Soc Urol, 2022) Çaglayan, Alper; Horsanalı, Mustafa Ozan; Kocadurdu, Kenan; İsmailoğlu, Eren; Güneyli, Serkan
    Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the success of a deep learning model in detecting kidney stones in different planes according to stone size on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) images. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 455 patients who underwent CT scanning for kidney stones between January 2016 and January 2020; of them, 405 were diagnosed with kidney stones and 50 were not. Patients with renal stones of 0-1 cm, 1-2 cm, and >2 cm in size were classified into groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Two radiologists reviewed 2,959 CT images of 455 patients in three planes. Subsequently, these CT images were evaluated using a deep learning model. The accuracy rate, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the deep learning model were determined. Results: The training group accuracy rates of the deep learning model were 98.2%, 99.1%, and 97.3% in the axial plane; 99.1%, 98.2%, and 97.3% in the coronal plane; and 98.2%, 98.2%, and 98.2% in the sagittal plane, respectively. The testing group accuracy rates of the deep learning model were 78%, 68% and 70% in the axial plane; 63%, 72%, and 64% in the coronal plane; and 85%, 89%, and 93% in the sagittal plane, respectively. Conclusions: The use of deep learning algorithms for the detection of kidney stones is reliable and effective. Additionally, these algorithms can reduce the reporting time and cost of CT-dependent urolithiasis detection, leading to early diagnosis and management.
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    Evaluation of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in the Thigh and Calf Region for Subcutaneous Injection by Computed Tomography
    (Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 2021) İsmailoğlu, Eren; Günay İsmailoğlu, Elif
    The most commonly used areas in the lower extremity in subcutaneous injection applications are anterior and lateral surface of the thigh. The calf region, which is an alternative to these areas, is located in the lateral region of the gastrocnemius muscle. The aim of the study is to retrospectively evaluate of suitability of thigh and calf site subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness for subcutaneous injection through computed tomography sections. The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 140 adult patients over the age of 18 who underwent Contrast-Enhanced Lower Extremite Computed Tomography Angiography between March 2020 and March 2021. Subcutaneous tissue thicknesses of the anterior thigh, lateral thigh, and calf injection site of the subjects were measured by a specialist radiologist using computed tomography sections. As a result of the study, a comparison of subcutaneous tissue thickness in the thigh and calf was achieved according to gender and body mass index. The mean subcutaneous tissue thickness of the patients was 13.64 ± 6.85 mm on the anterior thigh, 8.82 ± 7.21 mm on the lateral side of the thigh, and 6.15 ± 3.12 mm in the calf area. It was found that there was a significant difference between subcutaneous tissue thicknesses according to their gender and body mass index. Subcutaneous tissue thickness on the anterior thigh was thicker than the lateral thigh and the calf injection site. Subcutaneous tissue thickness in females was greater than in males. Subcutaneous tissue thickness in the calf region was thicker than 4 mm in 77.1%, 8 mm in 19.3% and 12 mm in 12.3%.
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    How does the type of delivery affect pelvic floor structure? Magnetic resonance imaging parameter-based anatomical study
    (Via Medica, 2023) Şenkaya, Ayşe Rabia; İsmailoğlu, Eren; Arı, Sabahattin Anıl; Karaca, İbrahim
    Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of delivery type and birth weight on pelvic floor structure using muscle defects, uterus-vagina angles and landmarks in pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and methods: This is a retrospective study. Pelvic MR images of 38 vaginal deliveries and 62 cesarean section patients who met the study criteria were analyzed. Pubococcygeal line, H line, M line were marked on MR images, uterus cervix, cervix upper vagina, upper and middle vagina, middle and lower vagina angles, urogenital hiatus width, levator hiatus width, obturator internus muscle area, levator ani defect was measured. The urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse examination findings were recorded. The patients' age, body mass index (BMI), parity, delivery type, maximum birth weight questions were asked. The data of both groups were compared. Results: Uterocervical angle and levator ani muscle defect was significantly higher in the vaginal delivery group (p < 0.001). In the vaginal delivery group, a significant positive correlation was found between the parity and the levator ani muscle defect (r = 0.552), (p = 0.000). A significant negative correlation was found between the parity and the uterocervical angle (r = -0.337), (p = 0.039). A significant negative correlation was found between maximum birth weight and cervix upper vagina angle (r = -0.365) (p = 0.024). In the vaginal delivery group, a negative significant correlation was found between birth weight and obturator internus muscle area (r = -0.378), (p = 0.019). Conclusions: These results show that cesarean section exposes the pelvic floor to less trauma and suggest that cesarean section may protect the pelvic floor.
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    Radiological Evaluation of Forearm Bones in Anatolian Population
    (2023) Nalbant, Asrın; İsmailoğlu, Eren; Turhan, Ebru; Bedre, Özden
    Objectives: A better understanding of the anatomy of the radius and ulna is valuable in fracture fixation and recon- structive surgery. Morphometric values of bones differ between populations. This study aims to reach the mean mor- phometric values of the forearm bones in the Anatolian population. Methods: Through Computed Tomography Angiography images, Radius length, radius width, the distance between the lateral and medial edges of the distal end of the radius (AD) width, caput ulna width, ulna length, and caput radii width measurement data, including age and gender were collected. Results: A total of 81 images, 28 female and 53 male, were included in the study. When the general data of the study were evaluated, it was found that radius length (cm) was 23.39±1.82, radius width (mm) was 30±2.9, AD width (mm) was 25.8±3, caput ulna width (mm) was 16.4±2.2, ulna length (cm) was 25.33±1.88, caput radii width (mm) was 19.1±2.5. There was a significant difference between the genders in the measured parameters. Conclusion: The lengths and distal widths of the radius and ulna differ in the Anatolian population compared to other populations. For this reason, anatomical values of the populations should be considered in forearm fracture surgery applications.
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    Relationship of Sex Hormones with Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Boys with Gynecomastia
    (2023) Özalp Kızılay, Deniz; Tuhan, Hale; İsmailoğlu, Eren; Ateş, Şebnem; Suner, Aslı
    Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between sex hormone levels [estradiol (E2), total testosterone (TTest)] and lipid profiles, body fat distributions, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese boys with gynecomastia. Methods: This prospective study included 79 obese boys with idiopathic pubertal gynecomastia between 10 and 18 years. The cases were divided into two groups as with (n=48) or without (n=31) NAFLD determined by ultrasonography. Results: E2 levels had a significant positive correlation with age, body mass index, and fat mass of the patients and had a negative correlation with high- density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (p<0.05). TTest levels had a significant positive correlation with age of the patients and a negative correlation with HDL-C, percent of body fat (PBF) (%), and percent of trunk fat (PTF) (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of sex hormone levels between the two groups with and without NAFLD (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that as the PBF and PTF increase, the TTest levels of the patients decrease and as the fat mass increases, the E2 levels increase significantly. We could not find a significant relationship between sex hormones and the presence of NAFLD.
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    Use of Chimney Technique in the Treatment of Short-Necked Juxtarenal Aortic Aneurysms with Graft Stent: A Retrospective Study
    (Mardin Artuklu University, 2023) İsmailoğlu, Eren; Eker, Secil; Bozkaya, Halil; Oğuz, Emrah; Cinar, Celal; Parıldar, Mustafa; Posacıoğlu, Hakan
    Introduction: Chimney technique is also cheaper than the other alternative treatment methods. Additionally, this technique has more advantages compared to fenestrated stent and hybrid procedure. Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the results of chimney technique with endovascular treatment in short neck juxtarenal aortic aneurysms. Methods: The study included 17 patients with juxtarenal abdominal aorta aneurysm, treated with endovascular stent greft by using chimney technique at interventional radiology department between January 2008 and April 2013. Patients underwent preoperative and postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and computed tomography angiography (CTA), and the images were recorded in digital radiology archive. Preoperative and postoperative DSA and CTA images of patients were retrospectively evaluated. The results of the chimney technique were discussed. Findings: The mean age of 17 patients (all men) was 68.94±9.46 years. Among the aneurysm etiologies, there were 14 patients with atherosclerosis and 3 patients with vasculitis. Four patients had preoperative aneurysm rupture. The average length of the aneurysm neck of patients was 3.02±2.8 mm (0-9 mm), and the average follow-up period after the operation was 6.86±4.60 (1-16 months). Technical failure occurred in 2 of 17 patients (Success rate; 92.86%). Chimney stent was placed in bilateral renal artery of 9 patients, in left renal artery of 3 patients, in right renal artery of 2 patients, and in SMA of 1 patient of 15 patients. Endoleak was demonstrated in 3 patients, while thrombosis was demonstrated in 3 patients on CTA. There was significant difference in mean aneurysm diameters in preoperative, postoperative 6. and 12. months (p<0.05). Conclusion: Chimney technique is a successful method in patients with juxtarenal aorta aneurysm treated with endovascular treatment.