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Öğe Coexistence of SARS-CoV-2 and cerebrovascular diseases: does COVID-19 positivity trigger cerebrovascular pathologies?(J Infection Developing Countries, 2022) Ates, Ozkan; Yilmaz, Ibrahim; Karaarslan, Numan; Ersoz, Emel; Kasim, Fatma Bahar Hacioglu; Dogan, Mustafa; Özbek, HanefiThe objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and to assess the pharmacological agents used in such cases as reported in the literature. Patient files were retrospectively scanned to determine the prevalence of neurological symptoms of the central nervous system (headache, dizziness, lack of smell and taste, numbness in arms and legs, change in consciousness, muscle weakness, loss of urine and stool control) and cerebrovascular diseases (ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid/subdural hemorrhage) in 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) disease (COVID-19) cases (n = 20,099). The diagnostic laboratory, radiology examinations and treatments applied to these cases were recorded. The data from studies presenting cerebrovascular diseases associated with SARS-Cov-2, which constituted 0.035% of all cases, were systematically evaluated from electronic databases. During the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, it was discovered that high doses of enoxaparin sodium anti-Xa are combined with apixaban or acetylsalicylic acid or clopidogrel or piracetam, and mannitol, in addition to SARS-CoV-2 treatment modalities. While neurological symptoms of the central nervous system are uncommon in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, cerebrovascular diseases are far less common, according to the findings of this study. Acute cerebral ischemia was discovered to be the most common cerebrovascular disease associated with SARS-CoV-2. The mortality rate increases with the association between SARS-CoV-2 and cerebrovascular disease.Öğe Doctors’ visit dilemma: exploring the reliability of the data in an outpatient department(2021) Küçük, Suat Hayri; Müslümanoğlu, Ahmet Yaser; Özbek, Hanefi; Özen, Olcay; Aydın, SabahattinThe aim of the study is to investigate the nature of outpatient-based visits to speciality care physicians in outpatient departments of a teaching hospital. A questionnaire which was in a sense “an after-visit summary” that contained patient age, gender and doctor’s major office contact reason was developed. Physicians from different medical disciplines completed the questionnaire on randomly selected visits. Data was analysed statistically by descriptive analysis and cross tabulation. 1184 adult patients were analysed; 587 [49.6 (%)] of them were visited by medicine specialists, and 597 [50.4 (%)] by surgeons. Among all adult admissions, first patients comprised less than half of the workload, 40.8 (%) in surgery and 43.5 (%) in medicine. There was a significant difference between the number of patient contacts in medical and surgical specialities in terms of major visit categories. Compared to first visit, numbers of established patients, office consultation and reporting were significantly higher, whereas number of prehospitalizations was significantly lower in medicine than surgery. As shown in the study, per capita doctors’ visit data is not very reliable, nor is it uniform in OECD database, disabling the comparison between countries.Öğe The effects of rivaroxaban, an oral anticoagulant, on human IVD primary cultures(Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2022) Caliskan, Tezcan; Akalan, Hande; Yilmaz, Ibrahim; Karaarslan, Numan; Sirin, Duygu Yasar; Özbek, HanefiIntroduction: The present study aimed to investigate the potential effects of rivaroxaban, an oral anticoagulant that inhibits the effects of factor Xa, on intact intervertebral disc tissue cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Material and methods: Rivaroxaban was applied to primary human cell cultures prepared from tissues of the intervertebral disc. Comparative molecular analyses were performed on non-drug-treated control group samples. Descriptive statistics were presented as the mean +/- standard deviation. An analysis of variance test was performed to determine whether there were significant differences in the mean across the groups. When differences across groups were observed, Tukey's honestly significant difference post-hoc test was used for multiple pairwise comparisons. The significance of the obtained data was determined statistically. The alpha significance value was < 0.05. Results: The cells in the control group and in the rivaroxaban-treated group were viable, healthy, and proliferated (p < 0.05). However, the expression levels of the chondroadherin gene (CHAD), cartilage oligo matrix protein (COMP), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, and MMP-19 genes were changed (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Although rivaroxaban does not suppress cell proliferation due to morphological, biological, and biochemical changes in the intervertebral disc tissue, it may change the expression of genes that are related to ECM maintenance.Öğe Evaluation of antidiabetic activities of scorzonera species on alloxan induced diabetic mice(Marmara Univ, Inst Health Sciences, 2021) Şakul, Ayşe Arzu; Kurtul, Ekin; Özbek, Hanefi; Kırmızı, Neriman Ipek; Bahtiyar, Bade Cevriye; Saltan, Hayriye; Acıkara, Özlem BahadırObjective: In Turkish folk medicine, different species of Scorzonera (Asteraceae) have been used in the treatment of various disorders. The study aimed to investigate antidiabetic activity of Scorzonera species and if rutin is the primary component responsible of this activity. Methods: The extracts of aerial parts of Scorzonera tomentosa, S. mollis ssp. szowitsii, S. suberosa ssp. suberosa, S. eriophora, S. acuminata, S. sublanata and S. cana var. jacquiniana were used in the experiment. Additionally, rutin, which has been analysed and detected by using HPLC qualitatively and quantitatively in some Scorzonera species, was also tested for its antidiabetic activity in the same conditions. An alloxan-induced diabetic mice test model was used in order to verify antidiabetic activity. Antidiabetic activities of the 9 groups (n=5; each) were measured at four different times: before Scorzonera extracts and rutin treatment and after 1, 2 and 4 hours of treatments. Results: S. sublanata extract exhibited the highest antidiabetic activity and at 100 mg/kg dose, it significantly reduced blood glucose levels measured after 1, 2 and 4 hours of treatments when compared to isotonic saline solution group (diabetic control group). S. cana var. jacquiniana extract also displayed notable decrease after 4 hours of treatment. Significant lowering effect on blood glucose level was also observed by treatment with rutin in all tested times at 100 mg/kg i.p. injection. According to the HPLC analyses the highest rutin content was determined in the S. acuminata aerial parts. Conclusion: Rutin content and the antidiabetic activity of the plant extracts were not correlated as displayed in this present study. Further studies should be performed to reveal responsible compunds for antidiabetic activity.Öğe Evaluation of Calciferol, Cobalamin, and Stromelysin-1 in patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy due to-2 diabetes mellitus(Coll Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan, 2022) Bilir, Bülent; Yılmaz, İbrahim; Karaarsalan, Numan; Bilir, Betül Ekiz; Kaplan, Necati; Özbek, HanefiObjective: To evaluate the relationship between calciferol (vitamin D), cobalamin (vitamin-B12), and Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) circu-lating levels in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), patients with DM type 2 (T2DM) without neuropathy, and healthy control groups. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Internal Medicine, Namik Kemal University of Medicine, Tekirdag, Turkey, between November 2020 and February 2022. Methodology: Healthy, age, and gender matched volunteers who were admitted to the hospital for a check-up with no health problem constituted the control group (n=30). Cases diagnosed with T2DM (n=30) and those with DPN (n=30) comprised the experi-mental group. Stromelysin-1, calciferol, and cobalamin levels were analysed from blood samples from all groups using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a commercial kit. Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test was performed after one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for intergroup comparisons. Alpha significance level was accepted as <0.05. Results: There were significant differences in terms of the stromelysin-1, calciferol, and cobalamin levels of both the T2DM and DPN groups compared to healthy volunteers. These differences were statistically significant (p=0.00). There was a very weak negative correlation between stromelysin-1 and calciferol (p=0.972, r=-0.007) and a weak negative correlation between cobalamin and stromelysin-1 (p=0.062, r=-0.345) in DPN patients, without statistical significance. Conclusion: Serum stromelysin-1 expression may be related to DPN progression in diabetic patients and may be a potential marker in DPN. Calciferol and cobalamin levels may also be important in the development of DPN.Öğe Evaluation of inflammatory and biochemical markers in COVID-19 patients treated with tocilizumab alone or with the combination of tocilizumab and convalescent plasma transfusion(2022) Karaarslan, Numan; Doğan, Mustafa; Bilir, Bülent; Yılmaz, İbrahim; Özbek, HanefiAbstract Aim: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) develops due to increased expression of systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Immune modulators have been used in anti-cytokine therapy, with the hypothesis that they can ensure cytokine inhibition and treat cytokine storm. The present study aimed to evaluate inflammatory and prognostic biomarkers in severe COVID-19 cases treated with tocilizumab (TCZ) alone or with the combination of tocilizumab and convalescent plasma transfusion (CPT). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, data archives of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) and who were treated with TCZ alone or the combination of CPT and TCZ were evaluated in line with the literature. The obtained data were statistically evaluated and the alpha significance value was taken as <0.05. Results: Post-treatment C-reactive protein (CRP) (76.19% in TCZ-administered group; 89.32% in TCZ+CPT-administered group) (P<0.05), troponin I (TNI) (25.64% in TCZadministered group; 90.39% in TCZ+CPT-administered group) (P<0.05), and ferritin (FER) (63.63% in the TCZ-administered group; 9.09% in the TCZ+CPT-administered) (P<0.05) levels were decreased compared to pre-treatment stage. The mean length of hospital stay was longer in the patients treated with TCZ alone (21.55±8.89 days) than in the patients treated with the combination of TCZ and CPT (27.09±13.66 days) (P<0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics. The combination of TCZ and CPT treatment did not decrease the mortality. A significant decrease in CRP and TNI levels was observed in the patients treated with TCZ alone and with the combination of TCZ and CPT. A decrease in FER levels showed the effectiveness of the treatments.Öğe İlaç ve gıda takviyelerinin içerikleri hakkında kullanıcıların bilgi ve talep düzeyinin ölçülmesi(Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency (RSNPHA), 2022) Özcan, Vildan; Şakul, Ayşe Arzu; Özbek, HanefiObjective: When the medicine leaflets of drugs and food supplements are examined, it is seen that the contents are not fully reflected to the user. For this reason, the person who will use drugs or food supplements does not have the opportunity to access reliable information about whether there is a substance in their content that is not suitable for their own belief and culture; even if he wishes for such a thing, he cannot reach sufficient information about where to access this information. The information on the Internet, on the other hand, presents an information pollution appearance that lacks scientific competence in general and has not been adequately audited. The aim of this study is to determine the opinions and preferences of the users regarding the transparency of the contents of pharmaceutical and food supplement products in line with their own needs. Methods: The sample of the study was made by 888 prescribers who applied to pharmacists, and the answers given to the questionnaire with 16 questions gave the results of the study. The data were evaluated by descriptive and analytical statistical methods. Results: Participants consisted of volunteers with an average age of 40.05, 92.9% living in cities or big cities, and 62.2% women. The educational level of the participants was 54.9% primary education and 43.2% higher education. When 33.2% of volunteers used medication at least once a day or week, 66.8% stated that they sick or rarely used medication. When 92.7% of the participants read the medicine leaflet or read the medicine leaflet whenever necessary, 92.7% of the participants thought that they should inform the physician or pharmacist about the contents of the drugs, 44.5% of the drug the health professions were informed about it. 94.8% of the volunteers wanted to know whether they were addictive substances in medicines or food supplements, a substance that could cause allergic reaction, alcohol or pigs, 80.8% of the participants would search for alternative ways, 10.8% he would deny the treatment. Conclusion: IIt was concluded that patients wanted the information showing the contents of medicines or food supplements to enter the pamphlets to reflect the requirements of their religious beliefs. Considering this issue while preparing the medicine leaflets has been considered as an issue that needs to be taken into account both in terms of patient rights and consumer rights © 2022. Turk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi.All Rights Reserved.Öğe Investigation of the potential effects of alpha-lipoic acid on human degenerated intervertebral disc tissue primary cell cultures(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2022) Aydın, İrfan; Yaşar Şirin, Duygu; Karaarslan, Numan; Özbek, HanefiAIM: To investigate the supplementation of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) at the molecular level to determine its effect on primary cell cultures prepared from human intervertebral disc (IVD) tissue in an in vitro environment. MATERIAL and METHODS: Human primary cell cultures were prepared from IVD tissue resected during surgery. While cell cultures without ALA supplementation formed the control group, those with ALA supplementation formed the study group. All cell groups were stained using acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI), and the incidence of apoptotic cell death was determined under a fluorescent microscope. Cell surface morphology and extracellular matrix (ECM) structures were evaluated under an invert light microscope. Simultaneously, cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT???ELISA analysis, and the expressions of chondroadherin (CHAD), cartilage oligomeric protein (COMP), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1??), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7 and-19, which are genes associated with ECM regulation, were tested using qRT???PCR. The data obtained were evaluated statistically using Tukey???s honestly significant difference (HSD) test after analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. The alpha significance value was accepted as < .05. RESULTS: Compared to the cells in the control group, it was observed that both proliferation was suppressed and ECM structures deteriorated in the cells in the study group. CONCLUSION: Also, it was reported that the all-gene expression levels changed. ALA supplementation can negatively affect human IVD primary cell cultures in an in vitro environment.Öğe Is favipiravir a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration by suppressing autophagy and apoptosis?(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2022) Yılmaz, İbrahim; Akalan, Hande; Şirin, Duygu Yaşar; Karaarslan, Numan; Özbek, Hanefi; Ateş, ÖzkanAIM: To evaluate the effects of favipiravir (FVP) on cell viability and cytotoxicity in human degenerated primary intervertebral disc (IVD) tissue cell cultures. Furthermore, the protein expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha), nuclear factor-kappa-b (NF-kappa B), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) were also examined. MATERIAL and METHODS: Untreated cell cultures served as the control group, named group 1. Cell cultures treated with FVP served as the study group, named group 2. Pharmacomolecular analyses were performed in all groups at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours (h). Obtained data were evaluated statistically. RESULTS: Cell proliferation was suppressed in the FVP-treated samples compared to the control group samples at 24 and 72 h, and this was statistically significant (p<0.05). Decreased or increased protein expression levels of HIF-1 alpha, NF-kappa B, and IL-1 beta in FVP-treated samples may be an indication of suppression in anabolic events as well as proliferation in IVD cultures. FVP administration showed that AF/NP cells in a culture medium may induce a strong inflammatory response to FVP. This strong inflammatory response is likely to cause slowed proliferation. It may also be a trigger for many catabolic events. NF-kappa B expression increased within the first 24 h and then decreased rapidly. Based on the data obtained, it may be suggested that the rapidly increasing NF-kB may have stimulated the expression of many antiproliferative genes. CONCLUSION: The suppression of IL-1 beta and NF-kB protein expressions in IVD cells treated with FVP is important in the treatment of IVD degeneration (IDD). If the protein expression of HIF-1 alpha could be increased along with the suppression of IL-1 beta and NF-kB, FVP would perhaps be a promising pharmacological agent in the treatment of IDD.
