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Öğe A digital maturity assessment from annual activity reports in higher education institutions(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2025) Özşahin, Mehtap; Coşkun, ErmanA total Digital Transformation (DT) in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) requires eliminating the digital gaps between institutions and creating and implementing well-designed DT road maps. To create successful digital road maps, it is necessary to assess the current digitalization levels of HEIs in detail. This assessment would help universities understand a) where they are currently in DT, b) what are their strengths and weaknesses, c) how to determine development areas, and d) how they can support better decisions on all issues related to their DT. In this context, the aim of this study is twofold. First, develop a methodology to assess the DM level of HEIs and rank them. Second, based on assessment and analysis, identify development areas for their DT advantages. One of the most important obstacles to the assessment of DT is that HEIs do not have the data and metrics to use in the measurement of DT. For this reason, this study uses the annual activity reports of universities as a data source. This also allows researchers to compare different universities with each other to make comparisons between universities and assess their relative strengths and weaknesses. Annual activity reports from 24 universities are analyzed with a textmining approach. The results are expected to contribute to both the relevant literature and practitioners. Moreover, this study is expected to form a basis for HEIs to determine successful holistic DT strategies so that they can both train the workforce of the future and position themselves strategically as institutions that offer quality and competitive education. © 2025 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe ICT adoption scale development for SMEs(Mdpi, 2022) Özşahin, Mehtap; Çallı, Büşra Alma; Coşkun, ErmanInformation systems research lacks a validated scale for assessing and measuring the adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The relevant literature is limited in studies mainly concentrating on developing country settings. Furthermore, the emergence of new technological elements and increasing digitalization and digital transformation efforts in the last two years have changed how an organization utilizes and adopts ICTs. Therefore, it is inevitable that the conceptual dimensions proposed in the previous literature and the definitions of these dimensions will also alter. Hence, it is essential to revisit and validate the prior work and enhance it based on current vitality and developments. This study developed and validated a scale for measuring ICT adoption and digitalization for SMEs in a developing country context. The researchers followed an eight-step scale development procedure: (1) comprehensive literature review on ICT adoption and digitalization; (2) identification of dimensions of the level of ICT adoption and digitalization; (3) generation of items; (4) item refinement through focus group; (5) pretest of the measurement; (6) scale purification; (7) data collection; and (8) measurement evaluation. Within the Turkish setting, the ICT adoption scale was determined to have sufficient reliability and validity. Data for this study were gathered from 421 respondents of 219 Turkish SMEs. Supporting the multidimensionality of ICT adoption, 14 items and five dimensions (communication, internal integration, integration with customers, interorganizational integration, and strategic integration) constituted the ICT adoption construct. Considering the dominance of conceptual frameworks that were proposed based on developed countries and the prevalence of unidimensional constructs in the field, the developed multidimensional scale is expected to contribute significantly. Practitioners and policymakers can utilize the suggested scale to discover areas where specific changes are required for the digital transformation in SME utilization efforts that need attention. The outcomes can be applied to industrial sectors and different geographic contexts. By considering stage-based integration, the developed scale can also be used in future studies to investigate the effects of different variables on the extent of ICT adoption and the impact of ICTs on several organizational outcomes.Öğe A qualitative study on entrepreneurs' characteristics and organizational factors affecting digitalization in smes: A sampling of Yalova(Mehmet Akif Ersoy Univ, 2020) Özşahin, Mehtap; Coşkun, Erman; Alma Calli, BusraDigital transformation (DT) is vital for SMEs as well as large companies and it must follow digitization and digitalization phases. Adoption and implementation of DT and pre-phases in SMEs is largely depend on the information and communication technologies (ICTs) awareness and competence level of owner, organization's innovativeness level, and ICT capability. This study was conducted in Yalova with 51 micro and small SMEs operating in various sectors aims to examine these four factors. It uses semi-structured face to face interviews and utilizes qualitative-quantitative analysis methods. Descriptive-interpretive analysis, regression, and frequency analyses are utilized. According to the findings, entrepreneurs first associate the word ICT with the concept of technology and then the concepts of efficiency/productivity. While entrepreneurs, who consider themselves and their company weak in terms of ICT capability and competence, match the concept of ICT with social media, technology and e-commerce concepts in general; those who perceive their organizations' level of ICT capability high mostly associate ICT with the concepts of communication, technology, information age, social media, efficiency and innovation. The factors affecting the ICT adoption of SMEs are the entrepreneur's ICT competence level, the size and the age of the organization and its level of innovativeness.
